Radiocaesium Activity Concentrations in Wheat Grains in the Republic of Croatia for 1965–2003 and Dose Assessment

Results of systematic, long-term measurements of ¹³⁷Cs activities in wheat for the period 1965–2003 are summarized. Radiocaesum fallout activities affect wheat activity concentrations, the coefficient of correlation being 0.91. In the observed period, the highest activity of ¹³⁷Cs deposited by fallout, 6321 Bq m⁻², was recorded in 1986, i.e., in the year of Chernobyl accident, causing peak ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in wheat of 38.0 ± 13.0 Bq kg⁻¹. After the Chernobyl nuclear accident the ¹³⁴Cs:¹³⁷Cs activity ratio in wheat was ≈0.5, and did not differ from the value found in other environmental samples. The transfer coefficient from ¹³⁷Cs fallout deposition to wheat was calculated to be 8.6 × 10⁻³ Bq y kg⁻¹ per Bq m⁻², indicating the low transfer of radiocaesium from fallout to wheat. The upper limit for the collective effective dose for the Croatian population due to ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs ingestion by wheat and wheat products consumption for period 1965–2003 was estimated to be 665 person-Sv, the upper limit for the annual collective effective dose in 2003 being only about 0.061 person-Sv.     

白酒糟稻壳吸附剂去除水面油污的研究

白酒糟稻壳活性炭吸附剂是一种产率高、悬浮率高、不存在二次污染、对水面油污吸附量大的良好吸附剂.该吸附剂对不同油脂吸附性能不同.本文对两种润滑油进行研究,发现吸附剂对二硫化钼润滑油的吸附容量比钙基润滑脂的大,对二硫化钼润滑油,仅10 min便达到其饱和吸油量6.26 g/g.白酒糟稻壳吸附剂吸收水蒸汽后,对二硫化钼润滑油的饱和吸油量仍为原吸油量的80%～90%.对特定油脂,白酒糟稻壳吸附剂是一种优良的亲油疏水吸附剂.研究结果为废弃物白酒糟稻壳资源化开辟了一条新途径,同时也为水面油污的去除提供了一种新方法.     

乙醇预发酵对餐厨垃圾与酒糟水解酸化和甲烷发酵的影响

为了解决餐厨垃圾与酒糟干式甲烷发酵过程易酸化问题,考察了两种乙醇预发酵方式-餐厨垃圾单独预发酵和餐厨垃圾与酒糟混合预发酵对底物水解酸化和甲烷发酵的影响,并与不进行乙醇预发酵的对照组比较.结果显示,对照组、餐厨垃圾单独预发酵组(简称“FW预发酵组”)、餐厨垃圾与酒糟混合预发酵组(简称“FW+DG预发酵组”)的甲烷总产率分别为22.8, 222.4, 231.3mL/gVS.乙醇预发酵可以促进发酵底物的水解,预发酵结束后,FW预发酵组发酵底物中的乙醇、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸浓度与对照组相比分别提高了4.5、1.4、4.9倍,FW+DG预发酵组则分别提高了7.8、1.6、5.9倍.另外,在甲烷发酵过程中,预发酵组的乙醇浓度显著高于对照组,而乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度明显低于对照组,表明乙醇预发酵使有机物更多的转化为乙醇,减少了有机酸的生成,有效缓解甲烷发酵过程中的酸积累、产甲烷受抑制等问题.     

啤酒糟对活性染料的吸附特性研究

通过批式实验考察了不同条件对啤酒糟吸附活性黑31和活性蓝49的影响。结果表明：在较宽的溶液初始pH值范围内（2～9）,啤酒糟投加量为10g/L时,4h内啤酒糟能有效地对100mg／L活性黑31和300mg／L活性蓝49溶液吸附脱色。啤酒糟对活性黑31和活性蓝49的吸附率都随NaCl浓度的增加而降低。吸附率随时间的增加逐渐增大,8h内吸附基本达到平衡。染料初始浓度越高,吸附率越低。由该批式实验得到的最佳吸附脱色条件为：pH2．0,啤酒糟投加量15g／L,吸附时间8h。     

不同菌株固态发酵废白酒糟生产饲料蛋白的研究

选择菌种24株，以白酒糟为原料进行了单菌发酵，多菌株组合发酵，以及不同氮源发酵试验。结果表明：以F-5，F-23，F-17和F-24组成的多菌发酵体系，经4d发酵后，发酵产物粗蛋白含量达30．86％，比原料本身的粗蛋白含量高65．3％；粗纤维含量由21．14％降低到17．65％；氨基酸总量由15．16％提高到22．88％，比原料本身高50．9％，且氨基酸含量齐全。试验表明，由F-5，F-17，F-23和F-24组成的多菌种发酵体系是发酵白酒糟生产饲料蛋白的优良菌种。     

Impacts of industrial waste resources on maize (Zea mays L.) growth,yield, nutrients uptake and soil properties

Discharging untreated highly acidic (pH < 4.0), organic and nutrients rich monosodium glutamate wastewater (MW), and highly alkaline (pH > 10.0) paper-mill wastewater (PW) causes environmental pollution. When acidity of MW neutralized (pH 6.5 ± 0.1) with PW and lime (treatments represented as MW + PW and MW + Lime), then MW may be utilized as a potential source of nutrients and organic carbon for sustainable food production. Objectives of this study were to compare the effects of PW and lime neutralized MW and chemical fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L. cv. Snow Jean) plant growth, yield, nutrients uptake, soil organic matter and humic substances. The field experiment was carried out on maize using MW at 6000 L ha^?1. Impacts of the MW application on maize crop and soil properties were evaluated at different stages. At harvest, plant height, and plant N and K uptake were higher in MW treatment. Leaf area index at 60 days after sowing, plant dry matter accumulation at harvest, and kernels ear^?1 and 100-kernel weight were higher in MW + Lime treatment. Kernel N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn, and plant Zn uptake were highest in MW + Lime. Plant Fe uptake, and soil organic matter and humic substances were highest in MW + PW. The MW + PW and MW + Lime treatments exhibited comparable results with chemically fertilized treatment. The MW acidity neutralized with lime showed positive impacts on growth, yield and nutrients uptake; nevertheless, when MW pH neutralized with PW has an additional benefit on increase in soil organic matter and humic substances.     

高含硫味精废水处理的研究

采用吹脱－混凝－厌氧消化－两段ＳＢＲ－絮凝沉淀工艺处理味精废水，试验结果表明，当进水ＣＯＤ为２２３５１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯ＾２－４５１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ７５７１ｍｇ／Ｌ、色度（倍）３９０６和ＰＨ１．３时，出水ＣＯＤ９９ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＳＯ＾２－４９５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＨ３－Ｎｌｍｇ／Ｌ色度１６和ＰＨ６．５，其水质均达到ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６规定的一级排放标准。     

大气中颗粒物组分的ICP—AES法测定

研究了适用于大气颗粒物组分测定的采样膜、采样时间及采样量。应用ICP—AES技术,测得了6500个大气颗粒物数据。并与中子活化法进行了方法对照。     

味精废水的微生物转化与效益

谷氨酸发酵液经冷冻等电一离交排出的废水，无论是经除菌体回收蛋白，还是未经除菌体排出的味精废水，都含有丰富的有机、无机营养物，可被微生物利用、转化为菌体蛋白。在废水ＣＯＤＣｒ含量约为３５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的情况下，可制取干菌体约１８ｇ／Ｌ，废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率可达６５％以上，出水ＣＯＤＣｒ降至１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右。且饲料酵母生产成本约３０００元／ｔ。因此具有较好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解酸性粒子元青溶液的研究

对纳米 Ti O2 光催化氧化法降解酸性粒子元青溶液进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,反应符合一级反应 ,反应速率常数为2 .9× 10 - 3min- 1。确立的最佳工艺条件 :催化剂的用量为 4.0 g·L- 1 ,溶液的 p H为 6.3 8,空气的体积流量为 12 0 m L· min- 1 ,在此最佳工艺条件下 ,酸性粒子元青的降解率达到 92 .3 %。且测得反应的表现活化能 Ea为 -17.9k J· mol- 1 。