Plant Bioassays for an in Situ Monitoring of Air Near an Industrial Area and a Municipal Solid Waste – ŽILINA (SLOVAKIA)

The process of a bioindication of genotoxic effects of complex mixtures on the environment using higher plants is very appropriate and effective. We present the results of an in situ indication of the genotoxic effects of polluted environment near Žilina city. For a more complex monitoring we used: the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay, the Tradescantia microspore test and an evaluation of the abortivity of the pollen grains of native plant species. We found significant differences in the frequency of the micronuclei when using the Trad-MCN test in local of Dubeň. The Tradescantia pollen abortivity test showed significant differences in the frequency of the abortive pollen grains between the exposed groups and the control group. By using native plant species in the pollen abortivity test we found significant differences in both of the two locations for the four following species during two consecutive years: Artemisia vulgaris, Melilotus albus, Trifolium pratense, Typha latifolia.     

The statistical investigation on airborne fungi and pollen grains of atmosphere in Izmir-Turkey

This study aims to investigate the differences in the concentrations of airborne fungi and pollens between the towns located in the province of Izmir and to determine the factors contributing to these differences. Five stations in each of four towns (Buca, Konak, Bornova, and Karsiyaka) were randomly selected as the research areas. Fungus (cfu/m³) and pollen counts (cm²/pollen count) in the air samples collected from each station between June 2003 and May 2004 were measured. The results revealed that whereas Karsiyaka had the highest fungus concentration (521.33 ± 777.1), Buca and Bornova had the lowest concentration (482.67 ± 308.44). The mean fungus concentration in the province of İzmir was 501.5 ± 486.7. Pollen concentration was the highest in Konak (486.67 ± 839.06) and the lowest in Bornova (369.83 ± 551.13). Fungus and pollen concentrations revealed no difference between the towns (p > 0.05). The relationship between pollen-fungus concentrations and temperature-dust-humidity-sulphurdioxide was investigated but it was found statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that correlation of atmospheric parameters had no effects on pollen and fungus concentrations (p > 0.05).     

味精废水的微生物转化与效益

谷氨酸发酵液经冷冻等电一离交排出的废水，无论是经除菌体回收蛋白，还是未经除菌体排出的味精废水，都含有丰富的有机、无机营养物，可被微生物利用、转化为菌体蛋白。在废水ＣＯＤＣｒ含量约为３５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的情况下，可制取干菌体约１８ｇ／Ｌ，废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率可达６５％以上，出水ＣＯＤＣｒ降至１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右。且饲料酵母生产成本约３０００元／ｔ。因此具有较好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解酸性粒子元青溶液的研究

对纳米 Ti O2 光催化氧化法降解酸性粒子元青溶液进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,反应符合一级反应 ,反应速率常数为2 .9× 10 - 3min- 1。确立的最佳工艺条件 :催化剂的用量为 4.0 g·L- 1 ,溶液的 p H为 6.3 8,空气的体积流量为 12 0 m L· min- 1 ,在此最佳工艺条件下 ,酸性粒子元青的降解率达到 92 .3 %。且测得反应的表现活化能 Ea为 -17.9k J· mol- 1 。     

高含硫味精废水处理的研究

采用吹脱－混凝－厌氧消化－两段ＳＢＲ－絮凝沉淀工艺处理味精废水，试验结果表明，当进水ＣＯＤ为２２３５１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯ＾２－４５１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ７５７１ｍｇ／Ｌ、色度（倍）３９０６和ＰＨ１．３时，出水ＣＯＤ９９ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＳＯ＾２－４９５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＨ３－Ｎｌｍｇ／Ｌ色度１６和ＰＨ６．５，其水质均达到ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６规定的一级排放标准。     

大气中颗粒物组分的ICP—AES法测定

研究了适用于大气颗粒物组分测定的采样膜、采样时间及采样量。应用ICP—AES技术,测得了6500个大气颗粒物数据。并与中子活化法进行了方法对照。     

Heavy metals from soil and domestic sewage sludge and their transfer to Sorghum plants

We studied the mobility and transport of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb, from soil and soil amended with sewage sludge to sorghum plants. The total and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extractable heavy metals in agricultural soil and untreated domestic sewage sludge (DWS) samples were determined. The correlation between the total and extractable metals in soil and sewage sludge was investigated. The total and extractable heavy metals in soil, sewage sludge and sorghum grain were analysed by flame and electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS/ETAAS), after digestion in microwave oven. Statistically good correlations were obtained between the total contents of all heavy metals and their respective extractable fractions in soil and domestic wastewater sludge. Transfer factors of all heavy metals from domestic sewage sludge to sorghum grains were determined.     

杂色云芝处理高浓度味精废水初探

研究了杂色云芝对等电提取谷氨酸后浓缩废母液处理效果,考察了浓缩废母液的不同百分比浓度和初始pH对杂色云芝脱色率、COD去除率及菌体生物量的影响,同时还考察了杂色云芝处理废母液后pH的变化情况。研究结果表明,利用杂色云芝处理高浓度味精废水,不仅可去除COD而且有脱色效果。生产的菌丝体还可进一步作为动物饲料,投资少、成本低、不会产生二次污染,还可带来一定的经济效益。对不同百分比浓度的味精废水试验发现,30％浓度的味精废水处理效果最好,COD去除率为49．26％,脱色率为56．67％,菌体干重为5．8g／L。味精废水的初始pH对处理效果有一定的影响,初始pH为5．0时,最高COD去除率为50．12％,最大脱色率为55．8％。     

Persistence of oxyfluorfen in soil and detection of its residues in rice crop

Oxyfluorfen is a post-emergence herbicide used for control of annual and perennial broad-leaf weeds and sedges in rice. There is increasing concern about persistence of pesticide residues in soils, agricultural products and sub-sequent contamination of ground water through runoff, leaching and drift. Thus, persistence of oxyfluorfen was evaluated under field conditions in a rice cropping system. Oxyfluorfen was sprayed at 240 and 500 g ai ha^?1 application rates to the rice crop as post-emergence herbicide. Paddy grains, straw and soil samples were collected at harvest and analyzed for oxyfluorfen residues by HPLC. Straw samples contained 0.01 and 0.03 µg g^?1 oxyfluorfen residues at 240 and 500 g ha^?1 concentrations, respectively. In the soil, 0.028 and 0.03 µg g^?1 of oxyfluorfen residues were detected when applied at 240 and 500 g ai ha^?1, respectively. However, in rice grains, 0.018 and 0.106 µg g^?1 of oxyfluorfen residues were found in 240 and 500 g ai ha^?1 treated plots. In light of the potential adverse effects of oxyfluorfen, it is important to determine herbicide levels in these crops.     

味精生产废水处理技术研究进展

简要介绍味精生产废水的来源、特点及其治理中存在的主要问题，阐述味精生产废水处理方法，并对各类方法的应用现状及发展方向进行了分析和评价，得出应从清洁生产工艺出发，利用多种方法，协同处理该类废水的结论。