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781.
为研究高温高湿巷道不稳定换热系数的变化规律,采用Fluent软件对高温高湿巷道内的热湿交换进行数值模拟,通过单因素和正交模拟实验探讨风流温度、风流速度、岩石导热系数、原岩温度以及巷道当量直径对高温高湿巷道不稳定换热系数的影响。研究结果表明:高温高湿巷道不稳定换热系数随时间的变化规律与普通巷道一致,均与通风时间呈负相关,但通风时间为1 a的高温高湿巷道不稳定换热系数较普通巷道增加了12.5%。通过单因素分析得到风流速度、岩石导热系数和当量直径与不稳定换热系数呈正相关。通过极差分析得到各因素对不稳定换热系数的影响程度为:岩石导热系数>当量直径>风流速度>风流温度>原岩温度。利用SPSS软件对正交实验数据进行拟合,建立不稳定换热系数的计算模型,拟为高温高湿巷道内热负荷计算及井下风温预测提供参考。 相似文献
782.
为确保紧急事件发生时的疏散安全,对绕行设施的合理设置开展系统研究。采用实地调查与仿真模拟手段结合的方式,查明广州东站综合交通枢纽多线换乘地铁车站客流绕行设施的布置情况,基于社会力模型方法,构建不同客流管控等级对应的绕行设施设置条件下地铁车站乘客疏散仿真模型,分析研究地铁车站绕行设施对于紧急情况下乘客疏散产生的影响。研究结果表明:一级客流管控绕行下设置于车站楼梯、扶梯中的绕行设施能够减少站台乘客疏散时间,相比无绕行设施时下降1.8%;二级客流管控绕行以“S”型布置于车站通道处时,客流密度最高增加2倍,疏散时间增加约30 s,以“一”字型代替“S”型进行优化,站厅与站台乘客疏散时间分别下降2%与1.6%,客流密度减少47%,“一”字型绕行设施布置于车站长通道内对于地铁站乘客疏散更为有利。 相似文献
783.
为探究在上软下硬地层中进行深基坑开挖时围护结构水平位移与内支撑轴力的变化规律,以广州地区某上软下硬地层盾构井深基坑开挖项目为依托,基于现场监测数据进行分析并运用MIDAS/GTS软件开展深基坑开挖全过程的有限元模拟。将围护结构水平位移模拟值与监测值进行对比,验证模型的准确性;改变围护结构嵌固深度、主体结构厚度等工况,研究上述因素对结构水平位移变化产生的影响。研究结果表明:实测围护结构最大水平位移值11.78 mm,位于长边0.7倍基坑深度附近,坑角处位移值最小;改变结构嵌固深度对坑深15 m以下围护结构位移值影响较大,本工程最佳嵌固深度为1.5~3 m;围护结构水平位移会随着结构主体厚度的增加而减小,但最大位移间差值逐渐减小,结构主体厚度设计值宜为0.8~1 m。 相似文献
784.
785.
786.
采用CanMETOP模型,模拟了2005年欧洲(去除前苏联所占区域)、印度、中国和前苏联4个主要的g-HCH土壤残留区域的g-HCH通过挥发、大气传输和沉积对中国环境的影响.结果表明,中国东部和西部地区近地面的年均浓度分别为10~100pg/m3和1~10pg/m3.中国本地源对东中部和东北部的浓度贡献在90%以上,对东南部地区的贡献为30%~80%,印度源对该地区的贡献为10%~30%;印度源对西部的近地面浓度贡献在50%以上;欧洲源和前苏联源主要影响西北地区,贡献比例均在10%左右.中国本地源对东北区域的总沉积贡献最大(75%),西北区域和南部区域的总沉积均以印度源贡献为主,贡献比例分别为63%和67%.整个中国,年总沉积量为691t,贡献比例依次为印度源(55.1%),中国源(31.6%),欧洲源(3.6%),前苏联源(2.5%). 相似文献
787.
A multi-agent simulation to assess the risk of malaria re-emergence in southern France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A multi-agent simulation (MAS) was developed to assess the risk of malaria re-emergence in the Camargue in southern France, a non-endemic area where mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles (Culicidae) live. The contact rate between people and potential malaria vectors, or the human biting rate, is one of the key factor to predict the risk of re-emergence of malaria, would the parasite be introduced in the region. Our model (called MALCAM) represents the different agents that could influence malaria transmission in the Camargue – people, mosquitoes, animal hosts and the landscape – in a spatially explicit environment. The model simulates spatial and temporal variations in human biting rate at the landscape scale. These variations depend on the distribution of people and potential vectors, their behaviour and their interactions. A land use/cover map was used as a cellular-spatial support for the movements of and interactions between mobile agents. The model was tested for its sensitivity to variations in parameter values, and for the agreement between field observations and model predictions. The MALCAM model provides a tool to better understand the interactions between the multiple agents of the disease transmission system, and the land use and land cover factors that control the spatial heterogeneity in these interactions. It allows testing hypotheses and scenarios related to disease dynamics by varying the value of exogenous biological, geographical, or human factors. This application of agent-based modelling to a human vector-borne disease can be adapted to different diseases and regions. 相似文献
788.
Complex marine ecosystems contain multiple feedback cycles that can cause unexpected responses to perturbations. To better predict these responses, complicated models are increasingly being developed to enable the study of feedback cycles. However, the sparseness of ecological data often limits the direct empirical parameterization of all model parameters. Here we use a Bayesian inverse analysis approach to synthesize empirical data and ecological theory derived from published studies of a coral atoll's enclosed pelagic ecosystem (Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia). We then use the estimates of flux magnitudes to parameterize probabilistic compartment models with two forms of heterotrophic consumption: (1) “bottom-up” donor-controlled heterotrophic consumption and (2) “top-down” mass-action heterotrophic consumption. We explore how the flux magnitudes affect the ecosystem's stability properties of resilience, reactivity, and resistance under both assumptions for heterotrophic consumption. The models suggest that the microbial uptake of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) regulates the long term rate of return to steady state following a temporary or pulse perturbation (resilience), and the cycling of carbon between abiotic pools and heterotrophic compartments regulates the short-term response (reactivity). In the bottom-up process model, the sensitivity of steady state masses following a sustained or press perturbation (resistance) is highest for the DOC pool following a sustained change to the microbial uptake rate of DOC. Further, a change in the microbial uptake of DOC propagates through the ecosystem and affects the steady state values of zooplankton. The analysis suggests that the food web is highly dependent on the recycling between the abiotic and biotic carbon pools, particularly as mediated by the microbial consumption of DOC, and this recycling determines how the ecosystem responds to perturbations. 相似文献
789.
The aim of this paper is to provide an investigation, using large eddy simulation, into plume dispersion behind an aircraft
in co-flowing take-off conditions. Validation studies of the computational model were presented by Aloysius and Wrobel (Environ
Model Softw 24:929–937, 2009) and a study of the flow and dispersion properties of a double-engine aircraft jet was presented
by Aloysius et al. (EEC/SEE/2007/001, EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, ), in which only the engine was modelled. In this paper, the complete geometry of a Boeing 737 is modelled and investigated.
The current work represents a contribution towards a better understanding of the source dynamics behind an airplane jet engine
during the take-off and landing phases. The information provided from these simulations will be useful for future improvements
of existing dispersion models. 相似文献
790.