Numerical study on dust movement and dust distribution for hybrid ventilation system in a laneway of coal mine

Coal dust disaster is the most serious problem in a laneway of coal mine. Dust movement regularity for comprehensive mechanized heading face is the key scientific issues for the principle and technology of dust prevention. The special topic on systematic study of the variation regularity of dust movement and dust distribution is presented with hybrid ventilation for the comprehensive mechanized heading face: Euler–Euler method was firstly established on the numerical platform for gas–solid two phase flow in a laneway. And the forces and the dynamic model of dust particles were performed in three-dimensional flow field. Then based on the visible simulations, the movement characteristics of diffusion, sedimentation and accumulation of dust particles were investigated under the action of the complex air flow, and the spatiotemporal variation of dust distribution was studied with hybrid ventilation system. Meanwhile, the obtained dust distribution regularities were compared with the obtainable experimental results. Finally, selected method on different ventilation patterns for dust control was brought out for the heading face according to the gained regularity. The research results is helpful for further understanding of the essence of dust movement with air flow, which could provide more suitable guidance for the principle of dust control and technology of ventilation.     

Numerical simulation of evaporation of volatile liquids

The paper presents the results of the validation of the developed pool evaporation model using literature and our own experimental data. The proposed model was used to examine the effect of wind velocity and pool sizes on the evaporation rate of volatile liquid (hexane). Contrary to the semi-empirical evaporation model widely used in hazard assessment, stronger dependence of evaporation rate on pool size at low wind speeds is obtained.     

重整四合一炉出口集合管盲端腐蚀研究及结构优化

结合某炼油企业重整装置四合一加热炉出口集合管盲板法兰腐蚀现状,分析产生腐蚀的机理,利用Fluent软件模拟分析不同处理量下发生腐蚀的出口集合管盲板结构处的速度失量图、涡量图等,得出了与腐蚀现状相吻合的结论。对盲板结构进行改进,并进行数值模拟分析,得出优化后的结构可以有效避免出口集合管盲板法兰腐蚀的结论。     

封闭空间火焰自熄灭时间数值模拟研究

利用CFD数值模拟研究封闭空间内甲烷燃烧火焰在常重力和微重力两种环境中自熄灭时间的不同,分析火焰自熄灭时间与火源热释放速率、封闭空间体积、重力之间的关系。结果表明:当火源热释放速率一定时,微重力环境中火焰自熄灭时间数倍于常重力环境中的情况。当封闭空间体积一定时,小火源功率在微重力环境中的自熄灭时间远大于常重力环境中的情况。因此,微重力环境中不宜采用窒息灭火法。     

水源区中药材种植氮磷污染特征模拟研究

通过室内土柱模拟降雨实验,在三种降雨强度及两种施肥量作用下,分别测定土壤及土壤溶液中TN、TP及有机质的含量,探讨降雨强度及施肥量对水源区中药材种植氮磷污染物迁移的影响.结果表明,随着降雨强度的增大,TN、TP由土壤表面层次流向深层次的趋势不断增大,氮磷流失量增加;随着氮、磷肥料施加量的增加,土壤及土壤溶液TN、TP都有增加,氮磷流失量随之增大;一次施肥量过高容易造成肥料堆积土壤表层,氮磷流失量明显增大,少量多次施肥能使肥料利用率提高.     

北京市典型绿化灌木阻滞吸附PM2.5能力研究

选取北京市典型绿化灌木物种大叶黄杨、小叶黄杨、紫叶小檗、矮紫杉,结合气室模拟与实地观测的方法,综合测定不同树种对PM2.5的吸附能力.同时,收集2012年12月~2013年5月间北京市区PM2.5浓度值,分析了北京市冬春季PM2.5污染特征.结果表明,由气室实验得到的4种植物对PM2.5阻滞吸附能力排序为:紫叶小檗>小叶黄杨>矮紫衫>大叶黄杨,其原因主要为叶片特征差异所致;室外测量结果表明,4种物种吸附能力排序为:小叶黄杨>紫叶小檗>矮紫衫>大叶黄杨.气室模拟与室外实测结果均表明,小叶黄杨和紫叶小檗具有较强的阻滞吸附PM2.5的能力;气室模拟与室外观测实验中植物阻滞吸附PM2.5能力的大小略有差异,其原因应与植物结构相关.同时,通过分析北京市PM2.5浓度的季节性变化,发现北京市冬季的PM2.5浓度值尤为高,且常绿灌木植物仍能表现出较好的阻滞吸附PM2.5的能力.     

建筑火灾过渡区域数值模拟选取计算区域的判据研究

在建筑火灾的计算机模拟中,计算区域的选取密切关系到计算结果的合理性。已有研究针对单一开口小室在火灾燃料控制阶段和通风控制阶段时计算区域如何选取进行了分析并得到了定量的结论,该文在此基础上改进结果处理的方法,提出一种新的定量分析计算区域合理选取的方法,对单一开口小室在火灾两阶段间的过渡区域如何选取计算区域进行了定量分析。     

Vigilance monitoring for operator safety: A simulation study on highway driving

INTRODUCTION: Alertness of individuals operating vehicles, aircrafts, and machinery is a pre-requisite for safety of the individual and for avoiding economic losses. In this paper, we present a new technique for determining the alertness level of the operator and elaborate the methodology for the specific case of highway driving METHOD: Our hypothesis is that the time derivative of force exerted by the driver at the vehicle-human interfaces can be used to construct a signature of individual driving styles and to discern different levels of alertness RESULTS: In this study, we present experimental results corroborating this hypothesis and introduce a parameter, 'spikiness index,' for the time series data of the force derivative to quantify driver alertness IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The low cost, ruggedness, and low-volume data processing requirements of the proposed technique give it a competitive edge over existing predominantly image processing based vigilance monitoring systems.     

火灾中人员的行为及其模拟计算方法的研究

在综合分析国内外人员疏散模型和模拟软件发展现状的基础上,研究人员在火灾中的行为理论、计算机模型、模拟原理等,并介绍了目前国际上研究人员行为方面综合功能较强的Building EXODUS软件的原理和特点,最后以具体实例说明了Building EXODUS软件在人群疏散模拟分析中的具体应用.研究表明,1)在不考虑其他因素的影响下,疏散总时间与人数成正比;2)在火灾等紧急情况下,当某个出口不能通行时,可能会使大量人员在另一个出口处造成"瓶颈"现象,因此,增加备用安全出口很重要;3)疏散时间实际上是一随机变量,会因各种情况的变化而不同,如在很大程度上受人员特性(如年龄等因素)的影响,传统计算方法一般会低估疏散时间而不能作为建筑疏散设计的依据;4)利用计算机模拟软件可以对火灾中各种可能发生的情况进行评价,评价结果比传统方法更科学、可信.火灾中人员行为的研究需要从心理学和社会学角度建立人群中个人行为与社会行为的理论框架,而疏散模拟是一个由多个因素组成的复杂系统,大量人群环境的模拟需要涉及人与人、人与环境间的相互作用.     

石化企业伤亡事故率的系统动力学仿真

针对石化企业伤亡事故率的复杂性和与企业运行的系统相关性,为了科学地预测伤亡事故率,提出了利用系统动力学对石化企业伤亡事故率进行仿真试验的方法.在对石化企业伤亡事故率进行了系统动力学分析之后,建立了石化企业伤亡事故率系统动力学仿真模型,对某石化企业进行了仿真试验,并分析了仿真试验的结果.试验应用表明,利用系统动力学对石化企业伤亡事故率进行仿真是科学有效的.