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141.
The USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program (FIA) recently produced a nationwide map of forest biomass
by modeling biomass collected on forest inventory plots as nonparametric functions of moderate resolution satellite data and
other environmental variables using Cubist software. Efforts are underway to develop methods to enhance this initial map.
We explored the possibility of modeling spatial structure to make such improvements. Spatial structure in the field biomass
data as well as in residuals from the map was investigated across 18 ecological zones in the Interior Western U.S. Exploratory
tools included directional graphs of summary statistics, three dimensional maps, Moran’s I correlograms, and variograms. Where
spatial pattern was present, field and residual biomass were kriged, and predictions made for an independent test set were
evaluated for improvement over predictions in the initial biomass map. While kriging has some potential benefit when analyzing
the field data and exploring spatial structure, kriging residuals resulted in little or no improvement in the initial biomass
map developed using Cubist software. Stationarity assumptions, variogram behavior, and appropriate model fitting strategies
are discussed. 相似文献
142.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):104-114
Thallium contamination in water can cause great danger to the environment. In this study, we synthesized manganese oxide-coated sand (MOCS) and investigated the transport and retention behaviors of Tl(I) in MOCS under different conditions. Characterization methods combined with a two-site nonequilibrium transport model were applied to explore the retention mechanisms. The results showed that Tl(I) mobility was strongly inhibited in MOCS media, and the retention capacity calculated from the fitted model was 510.41 mg/g under neutral conditions. The retention process included adsorption and oxidative precipitation by the manganese oxides coated on the sand surface. Cotransport with the same concentration of Mn(II) led to halving Tl(I) retention due to competition for reactive sites. Enhanced Tl(I) retention was observed under alkaline conditions, as increasing pH promoted electronegativity on the media surface. Moreover, the competitive cation Ca2+ significantly weakened Tl(I) retention by occupying adsorption sites. These findings provide new insights into understanding Tl(I) transport behavior in water-saturated porous media and suggest that manganese oxide-coated sand can be a cost-effective filter media for treating Tl-contaminated water. 相似文献
143.
144.
通过对昆明市机动车尾气治理诸多问题的思考,提出应建立I/M制度和排污收费制度来完善机动车污染控制管理体系,并进一步提出建立I/M制度和排污收费制度的具体想法。 相似文献
145.
陕西省生态环境景观格局脆弱性及空间关联研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于地理信息系统GIS和景观格局指数分析Fragstats,研究陕西省生态环境景观格局脆弱性及空间关联,结果显示:2001年、2006年和2011年,陕西省景观格局脆弱度分别为0~7.406 6、0~7.970 5和0~8.034 8,呈下降的趋势,高脆弱区面积逐渐减小,低脆弱区和较低脆弱区面积逐渐增大.2001年、2006年和2011年的全局Moran`s I 指数分别是0.792 8、0.692 1和0.679 9,呈不断减少的趋势,景观格局脆弱度存在较强的正相关现象.局部空间自相关表明,2001年"高-高"值的区域主要分布在陕西中部和南部,2006年"高-高"值的区域分布在除中南部以外的区域,2011年"高-高"值的区域分布在除中西部以外的区域. 相似文献
146.
Jeanne Francoual Pascale Trioche Chahnez Mokrani Hassen Seboui Naïma Khrouf Jacqueline Chalas Marina Clement Liliane Capel Gérard Tachdjian Philippe Labrune 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(10):914-916
Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I (CN-I) is a rare and severe inherited disorder of bilirubin metabolism, caused by the total deficiency of bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity. Enzymatic diagnosis cannot be performed in chorionic villi or amniocytes as UGT is not active in these tissues. The cloning of the UGT1 gene and the identification of disease-causing mutations have led to the possibility of performing DNA-based diagnosis. Here we report DNA-based prenatal diagnosis of CN-I in two Tunisian families in whom CN-I patients were diagnosed. As we had previously shown that CN-I was, in Tunisia, associated with homozygosity for the Q357R mutation within the UGT1 gene, we were able to detect this mutation in both families and to show that it was easily recognized by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. In both cases, SSCP analysis of fetal DNA showed that the fetus was heterozygous for the Q357R mutation. In one family, the pregnancy was carried to term and a healthy baby was born, whereas, in the other family, the pregnancy is still continuing. Thus the prenatal diagnosis of CN-I is possible, provided disease-causing mutations have been identified. SSCP analysis of DNA prepared either from amniocytes or from chorionic villi is a simple, reliable and fast method for prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
147.
稀土铒掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的吸附和光催化活性研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
通过溶胶-凝胶法成功的制备了一系列Er3+掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,并通过XRD、DRS对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明所制催化剂为锐钛矿型,Er3+的掺杂有利于抑制晶粒生长,提高晶体的热稳定性。紫外-可见吸收(DRS)光谱证实,Er3+的掺杂增强了催化剂在可见光区域的吸收能力。吸附实验结果表明,Er3+的掺杂显著提高了橙黄I在TiO2催化剂表面的吸附能力,随掺杂量增加,吸附增强。活性实验结果表明,Er3+的掺杂显著提高了TiO2的光催化活性,最佳掺杂量为1.5%。 相似文献
148.
本文对沈阳市4条检车线汽车排气的检测情况做了简单介绍,并把测试数据进行了概括分析,根据实践经验提出限制汽车污染物排放的几项建议. 相似文献
149.
150.
钾素Q/I特性是表征土壤钾素状况的一个重要指标,它能同时度量土壤钾素的强度和容量。本文研究了我国南方一些土壤的钾素Q/I特性、结果表明:(1)不同土壤具有不同的Q/I曲线,它们表征不同的土壤钾素有效性和钾素状况;(2)土壤钾位缓冲容量(PBC~K)与阳离子交换量呈极显著正相关(r=0.9288),石灰土和紫色土的PBC~K值高于砖红壤、赤红壤和红壤,而ARe~K值则相反;(3)—△K°与土壤交换性钾呈极显著正相关(r=0.7870),但是具有一定含量的2:1型粘粒矿物的石灰土和紫色土,其—△K°明显低于交换性钾量,因此,lmol L~(-1)中性NH_4OAc可能会过高地估计土壤的交换性钾。 相似文献