旱地赤红壤钾素的Q/I特性

对12种旱地赤红壤与1种参比水稻土的钾素Q/I特性进行比较,结果表明,旱地由于土壤粘粒少,有机质质量分数低等因素的影响,其易释放钾库及供钾能力均小,钾位的缓冲性能很差,阳离子交换量较低;如不施钾肥或施肥不当,会造成作物减产或钾素损失。而由不同母质发育的旱地赤红壤,Q/I特性差别不大。     

PM10, O3, CO Concentrations and Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles in a School Building

Measurements of indoor and outdoor PM10, as well as indoor O₃ and CO concentrations were conducted and are presented here. These measurements were carried out at an institute building, located in a suburban industrial area in Greece. Both indoor and outdoor PM10 samples were also collected and their elemental composition was identified by ED-XRF analysis. Twenty seven major, minor and trace elements were identified. The measurements took place generally in different periods of institute operation, from June 2004 to February 2005. The indoor PM10 concentrations which were measured during the normal operation period of the institute were found to be many times higher than the respective outdoor PM10 concentrations of the same periods. On the contrary, the indoor PM10 concentrations which were measured during the holiday period were found to be lower than their corresponding outdoor values. Indoor O₃ and CO concentrations were found to be in low level. Indoor PM10 concentrations were found to be in a relative good correlation with O₃ (r = 0.45) and in high correlation (r = 0.98) with CO concentrations. On average, total elements concentrations were much higher indoors relative to outdoors. Based on above findings we attempted to determine the pollution sources of the indoor environment and to investigate some parameters or chemical processes that affect indoor pollutants’ levels.     

漂浮型BiOCl0.6I0.4/GO光催化剂的制备及其除藻性能

通过以膨胀珍珠岩（EP）为载体,水浴加热原位合成漂浮型BiOCl_0.6I_0.4/GO光催化剂,并研究其在可见光下对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、X射线能谱（XPS）等方法对合成样品的组成和形貌结构进行了表征.结果显示,BiOCl_0.6I_0.4/GO/EP复合材料比BiOCl_0.6I_0.4/EP和GO/EP具有更强的光催化除藻效果,且在4次循环使用之后仍有较好的光催化活性.此外,自由基捕获实验证明光催化反应中光生空穴（h⁺）是藻类失活的主要活性物质.最后,根据能带分析和自由基捕获试验提出BiOCl_0.6I_0.4/GO/EP复合材料的反应机理.     

胶州湾盐沼CH3I通量的季节特征及其影响因素

为了探究胶州湾盐沼碘甲烷(CH_3I)的排放通量、排放规律及其影响因素,在2016年7月—2017年5月期间,采用静态箱法-气相色谱法对CH_3I进行了观测.结果表明,胶州湾盐沼显示为CH_3I的排放源.互花米草湿地(S区)CH_3I通量均值为9.61 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1),光滩(M区)CH_3I通量均值为6.63 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1).CH_3I的排放通量在S区与M区之间存在明显区别,S区CH_3I通量在夏、秋季较高,最高值出现在夏季;而M区CH_3I通量在冬、春季较高,最高值出现在冬季.S区与M区各月CH_3I通量总体呈相反的变化趋势,且S区与M区CH_3I通量的最大值和最小值都出现在7月.胶州湾盐沼环境因素较为复杂,因此,CH_3I排放通量的影响因素并不单一.土壤TN、pH、温度及互花米草对CH_3I通量的影响较为显著,而含水量、盐度及其他养分状况等对CH_3I通量也有一定的作用.此外,冻融过程及潮汐作用的影响也不容忽视.     

Photocatalytic degradation of C. I. Reactive Red 24 solution with K6SiW11O39SnII

Environmental friendly materials, K₆SiW₁₁O₃₉Sn (SiWSn), was synthesized. SiWSn photocatalytic decomposition of C. I. Reactive Red 24 (RR24) with the UV-lamp (253.7 nm, 20 W), Xenon lamp filtered less than 390 nm light (500 W) and sun light was investigated. The results showed that RR24 solution could be effectively decolorized with the SiWSn photocatalyst. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RR24 with SiWSn was affected by the initial concentration of RR2 solution, the amount of SiWSn and the photolysis time. It is demonstrated that the process of photodegradation of RR24 with SiWSn is a pesudo first-order reaction, which can be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. Hydroxyl radicals and holes are both the main oxidants in the photocatalytic reaction of RR24 with SiWSn.     

鸡粪和猪粪生物发酵过程中抗生素抗性基因的动态变化

畜禽粪便是储存和传播抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的主要载体.为明确鸡粪和猪粪堆肥过程中ARGs和MGEs相对丰度的变化及影响其消减的关键环境因子,探索减少畜禽粪便堆肥中ARGs含量并降低其污染风险的有效方法,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术和16S rRNA高通量测序技术,测定了鸡粪和猪粪好氧堆肥75 d的过程中,不同阶段10种ARGs和7种可移动遗传元件(MGEs)的丰度变化和细菌群落变化,分析了ARGs和MGEs与细菌群落的相关性和堆体理化性质(温度、含水率、 pH和DOC)变化对ARGs和MGEs丰度的影响.结果表明,猪粪(PM)中ARGs和MGEs丰度显著高于鸡粪(CM).堆肥结束后,两种堆肥中9种ARGs和5种MGEs的相对丰度均显著降低,其中CM中3种ARGs(tetM、tetT和aacA)和4种MGEs(ISEcp1、IS1216、IS613和tnp614)的去除率达到99%; PM中9种ARGs[tetB(P)、tetL、tetM、tetO、tetT、aacA、aadD、aphA3和sat4]及4种MGEs(ISEcp1、IS26、IS1216和tnp614)去除率均达到99%...     

中国省域碳排放强度的集聚效应和辐射效应研究

估算了中国1997—2013年30个省(市、自治区)的碳排放强度数据,并利用全局Moran's Ⅰ指数、局域Moran's Ⅰ指数以及莫兰散点图从集聚效应和辐射效应两个角度考察了我国区域碳排放强度空间分布特征.结果显示:1集聚效应:我国省域碳排放强度具有明显的空间集聚特征,碳排放强度水平相似区域倾向于相邻分布;另外,碳排放强度空间分布呈现不断优化的趋势,即"低-低"集聚不断增加,"高-高"集聚逐渐减少.2辐射效应:内蒙古、宁夏和山西等省对周边地区的碳排放强度具有明显的正向辐射效应,广东、福建和浙江等省对周边地区碳排放强度具有明显的负向辐射效应.最后,据此提出政策建议.     

基于时间序列模型残差的中国东部地区空气质量指数（AQI）空间自相关特征分析

空间自相关分析可以揭示变量的空间聚集性质.基于中国东部城市群的日空气质量指数(AQI)数据,研究了AQI的空间自相关特征.同时,考虑到日AQI的空间非平稳性,分析分成两步进行.首先,对每个城市的日AQI序列建立时间序列模型,进而获得其标准残差序列;然后再基于残差项进行空间自相关分析,计算其全局Moran's I指数和局域Moran's I指数.结果表明,全局Moran's I指数体现出明显的季节变化特征,呈现出冬季高而夏季低的以年为周期的循环变化.通过分析局域Moran's I指数,发现中国东部城市群存在2个值得重视的高空间自相关区域:京津冀地区和长三角地区.由于残差项体现的是气象条件的影响,因此,大面积的高自相关区体现了邻近城市群空气质量对气象条件变化的同步响应特征.     

新型Ag(I)选择性吸附材料的制备及吸附性能研究

将壳聚糖（CTS）、氧化石墨烯（GO）、3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPTMS）交联制得巯基改性壳聚糖-氧化石墨复合材料（SFCG）.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、元素分析仪对改性前后和吸附前后的材料进行表征.研究吸附剂投加量、温度、时间、初始浓度对吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,SFCG与CTS相比结构发生很大变化,呈现薄层状结构,表面有褶皱.SFCG能够在短时间内选择性高效吸附Ag（I）,最大吸附量为578.41 mg·g^-1.通过吸附等温线、吸附动力学、吸附热力学的研究发现,其吸附等温线符合Langumir吸附模型,为单层吸附;吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主,同时吸附过程是自发的、放热的.另外,银是一种贵金属,因此,SFCG将在废水处理和回收贵金属等方面均表现出良好的应用前景.     

住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染特征及源强度评估

为了解住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染水平并分析其影响因素且评估源排放强度,采用TSI AM-510型智能防爆粉尘仪对北京市4所住宅室内外的PM_(10)进行现场监测评价。结果显示:在室外PM_(10)浓度较低时,室内污染源会造成室内空气品质下降;室内PM_(10)受吸烟、烹饪、通风、室外交通及室外PM_(10)等影响;室内污染严重时I/O比较大;室内外PM_(10)污染呈线性规律的2个住宅室内PM_(10)的源排放均强度约为6.627,7.290 mg/h。