大别山区土壤侵蚀经济损失估值研究

大别山区是土壤侵蚀较为强烈的地区之一,严重的土壤侵蚀不但恶化了自然环境,而且制约着该区域经济社会的可持续发展.在GIS的支持下,通过建立土壤侵蚀数据库获取有关土壤侵蚀量以及土壤侵蚀环境分析所需的基础数据,然后根据环境经济学相关的基本原理和方法对土壤侵蚀进行了货币化估算,以达到土壤侵蚀经济损失估值的目的.     

A Comparison of Sampling Designs for Monitoring Recreational Trail Impacts in Rocky Mountain National Park

The dual goals of the Organic Act of 1916 and Wilderness Act of 1964 are to protect natural resources and provide quality visitor experiences. Park managers need metrics of trail conditions to protect park resources and quality of visitor experiences. A few methods of sampling design for trails have been developed. Here, we describe a relatively new method, spatially balanced sampling, and compare it to systematic sampling. We evaluated the efficiency of sampling designs to measure recreation-related impacts in Rocky Mountain National Park. This study addressed two objectives: first, it compared estimates of trail conditions from data collected from systematic versus spatially balanced sampling data; second, it examined the relationship between sampling precision and sampling efficiency. No statistically significant differences in trail condition were found between the 100-m interval and the spatially balanced datasets. The spatially balanced probability-based dataset was found to be a good estimate of trail conditions when analyses were conducted with fewer sample points. Moreover, spatially balanced probability-based sampling is flexible and allows additional sample points to be added to a sample.     

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China＇s Wuzhishan Mountain Region

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.     

重庆缙云山典型林分林地土壤抗蚀性分析

对三峡库区重庆缙云山4种典型林分(针阔叶混交林,常绿阔叶林,楠竹林和灌木林)林地土壤的抗蚀性指标进行主成分分析,并以农地土壤作对照,研究表明,可将衡量土壤抗蚀性的13个指标压缩为7个最佳指标。用抗蚀性指标主成分分析综合指数表明4种林分林地土壤抗蚀性为：灌木林(45.51)>混交林(41.94)>阔叶林(32.65)>楠竹林(23.35);重庆缙云山土壤从表层到底层抗蚀性能呈下降趋势（49.32,41.86,32.03,27.11）。通过模糊聚类分析可将重庆缙云山不同土地利用类型不同层次的19个土壤样本划分为抗蚀性强度不同的3类。     

秦岭大巴山地区山地灾害及减灾对策

本文在论述秦岭大巴山地区山地灾害类型特征、分布规律及综合分析致灾成因的基础上,提出了五条具体的减灾对策。     

土壤功能与环境因素在海拔梯度上的耦合关系：以梅里雪山为例

土壤呼吸和胞外酶活是山地生态系统物质循环的重要组成部分,对维持土壤功能起到关键作用.为了探究土壤功能与环境因素在海拔梯度上的耦合关系,以海拔上气候垂直差异明显的梅里雪山作为研究对象,选取12个海拔高度采集36个土壤样本,通过测定土壤呼吸和胞外酶活等指标,分析土壤功能和环境因素之间的相关关系以及海拔、气候和土壤理化性质等对土壤功能的影响.结果表明,梅里雪山土壤呼吸和酶活在海拔上存在显著差异,整体上高海拔地区具有更高的土壤功能,土壤功能随着海拔升高差异增加.PCA分析显示前3轴分别解释了土壤功能海拔变化56.7%、 17.4%和8.7%的方差,表明在海拔上与碳磷相关的功能变化高于与氮相关的功能变化.环境因素与土壤呼吸和酶活存在显著相关关系,相比于气候因素,土壤理化性质对土壤功能的影响更大.海拔主要通过影响土壤理化性质和气候因素间接影响土壤功能.研究结果对提高梅里雪山山地生态系统的物质循环和生态功能的认识具有重要意义,为深入探讨山地生态系统土壤功能的海拔分布格局及演变特征提供了重要参考.     

天目山自然保护区柳杉种群种内和种间竞争

调查了天目山自然保护区老殿、大树王和禅源寺3个柳杉典型样地,以研究竞争在柳杉种群衰退中的作用。结果表明,柳杉基本上是柳杉群落的单一优势种,相对优势度占58.79%～93.34%;单位面积内柳杉胸高截面积达59.96m2·hm-2,材积达904.9m3·hm-2。柳杉群落存在较严重的竞争,单木竞争指数以老殿最大,平均达4.35;大树王最小,平均为0.58。以竞争指数测度的竞争强度表明,种内竞争大于种间竞争。柳杉单株竞争强度与胸径成反比。认为种内竞争是导致柳杉种群衰退的重要原因之一。     

泰山野生植物资源研究

泰山植物资源丰富,共有野生种子植物１０７科４０１属７６２种。本文按经济用途将泰山的资源植物主要分为１１类,提出了对它们进行合理开发利用的措施     

山地土壤—植物系统中汞污染问题的初步调查

调查研究表明：在山地大气、水体质量较好的环境中,柑橘（含汞量）有超标问题,其土壤汞有超背景值现象;而蔬菜土壤则无此问题,其原因可能是由于多年生植物从大气和土壤中富积微量汞的时间较一年生植物长,以及土壤中砂粒结合汞粘粒结合汞具有更高的生物活性     

峨眉山风景区酸性降水的研讨

本文对峨眉山——乐山大佛风景名胜区多年来降水酸度、酸雨频率与酸性降水的地域分布以及垂直变化特征进行了研讨,并对该区酸雨与四川省酸性降水特征进行了对比。