基于因子分析法的庐山文化遗产旅游竞争力评价研究

文化遗产是我国遗产资源最重要的组成部分之一,发展文化遗产旅游对文化遗产的开发与保护有着至关重要的影响,研究文化遗产旅游竞争力是为了更好地发展文化遗产旅游.从影响文化遗产旅游竞争力的因素着手,构建了文化遗产旅游竞争力的综合评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对其进行定量评价,结合庐山进行实例分析,建立相应的综合评价模型,提出了提升庐山文化遗产旅游竞争力的建议.     

智慧旅游：未来旅游业发展新趋势——基于4G技术支撑下的景区转型升级

一种新技术的问世,驱动着经济社会的大发展、大变革,4G时代的到来再一次把移动通信技术推向另一个高端平台,其推广应用也成为了各企业在行业中崭露头角的关键法宝.智慧旅游是一种需要移动通信技术作为核心支撑而发展的新型旅游,必将在未来旅游业中迅速崛起.着眼4G于实际,放眼智慧旅游于未来,从智慧旅游和4G技术的概念以及发展历程着手,挖掘了4G与智慧旅游发展的内在关系.以武夷山风景区作为实例,分析了当地资源状况和智慧旅游发展现状,并从以政府为代表的管理机构、旅游企业、旅游者、目的地居民角度出发,提出武夷山风景区智慧旅游开发的对策.     

祁连山不同海拔土壤有机碳库及分解特征研究

依据三库一级动力学理论,通过室内土样培养实验,研究了祁连山不同海拔高度土壤总有机碳库(Csoc)、活性碳库(Ca)、缓效性碳库(Cs)和惰性碳库(Cr)特征及有机碳(SOC)的分解特征.结果表明,祁连山不同海拔A、B层土壤总有机碳库含量分别为7.606～89.026 g·kg-1,5.804～84.267 g·kg-1;活性碳库含量分别为0.180～1.328 g·kg-1,0.159～1.273g·kg-1;缓效性碳库含量分别为3.650～35.173 g·kg-1,3.703～43.623 g·kg-1;惰性碳含量分别为3.776～65.298 g·kg-1,1.942～48.121 g·kg-1.总有机碳库随海拔表现出"增加-减少-增加-减少"的变化趋势,3种组分碳库未表现出海拔高度上的明显变化规律,大致呈现中高海拔>高海拔>中低海拔.土壤总有机碳库和惰性碳库含量在海拔之间有极显著差异(P<0.01),缓效碳库有显著性差异(P<0.05),活性碳库间无显著性差异.培养结果显示土壤有机碳分解速率也未表现出随海拔高度的明显变化规律,与碳库变化几乎一致.不同海拔土壤有机碳日释放速率峰值与整个培养过程土壤有机碳释放速率变化一致,可以用以代表有机碳分解的快慢特征.活性碳库与有机碳日释放速率峰值满足线性关系(P<0.01).培养结果显示土壤有机碳按活性碳库、缓效性碳库、惰性碳库的顺序进行周转.多项式方程能很好表达有机碳累积释放量与时间的关系,三次多项式已能达到较好的精度(R2>0.99).     

缙云山常绿阔叶林湿沉降过程中不同空间层次水质变化特征

为全面调查森林生态系统各层次降水水质状况以及对降水中各离子的截留特征,于2013年9月至2014年8月对重庆市缙云山常绿阔叶林大气降雨、林内降雨、地表枯透水、土壤渗滤液进行了持续1a的水质效应研究.结果表明,缙云山大气降雨偏酸性(pH=4.75);土壤层和林冠层均能调升降雨的pH值,其中土壤层对pH值的调升幅度最大,其次为森林林冠层.森林林冠层对NO_3~-、Na~+有一定的吸附净化作用,降雨能够淋溶森林林冠层的NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、PO_4~(3-)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和K~+.另外,枯枝落叶的降解导致构成植物组织的有机物降解为无机物,进而促使各离子质量浓度在地表枯透水中增加.森林土壤中的官能团以及胶体能够吸附并中和渗滤液中的NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+、PO_4~(3-)、K~+和Mg~(2+),同时长期处于酸性条件下的土壤层也释放出部分Na~+、PO_4~(3-)和Ca~(2+).该森林生态系统对大气降水中各离子具有较强的截留作用,但各层次对降水中的各离子表现出的截留特征不尽相同,其中以林冠层的截留作用最强.     

Detecting forest landscape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen coniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

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长白山高山冻原氮素生物循环及与北极冻原的对比

利用分室模型对长白山高山冻原系统氮素生物循环进行了研究;利用植物属种共有率对长白山高山冻原与北极冻原进行了对比研究.结果表明,长白山高山冻原植物区系中有89.3%的属和58.6%的种与北极冻原共有,其中地衣、苔藓和维管束植物与北极冻原相似类群属和种的共有率分别为95.5%和58.7%、82.1%和76.3%、93.1%和40.5%.这种高度的共有率决定了长白山高山冻原和北极冻原的植物区系和植被外貌具有高度相似性.长白山高山冻原植被-土壤系统总氮净储存为 65 220.6 t,其中土壤库占99.3%.长白山高山冻原系统中氮在各个分室的储存量分别是:植被库237.4 t;凋落物库145.3 t;土壤库64 837.9 t.地上植物活体、地下根系、凋落物中氮素年转移量分别为: 131.7 t·a^-1, 58 t·a^-1和73.7 t·a^-1.     

云南拱王山地区全新世以来的环境变化记录

对云南小江流域拱王山狐狸房峰南北两侧的老碳房(海拔3 597 m)及石板塘(海拔3 689 m)冰川湖泊沉积剖面进行地球化学元素和孢粉分析,结合14C年代,探讨了研究区全新世以来的气候环境。结果表明,该区全新世主要经历了6次较明显的气候波动,即8.4~7.7 ka气候凉湿;7.7~6.5ka气候冷湿;6.5~4.7 ka气候冷干;4.7~2.1 ka气候凉湿;2.1~1.0 ka气候温湿;1 ka至今气候以暖湿为主。此分析结果反映了本区全新世以来各个不同时段的气候变化与东南季风、西南季风的双重影响印记,与目前中国全新世新冰期与高温期交替及其气温变化规律有一定的耦合与差异。     

Chemical characteristics of precipitation at Nanping Mangdang Mountain in eastern China during spring

To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19 precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze element compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics: in more than 80% of precipitation events the pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO4 2?? was the main anionic component (36.2% of the total anion mass), while NH4 + was the main cationic component (47.7% of the total cation mass) and main ion for acidity neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and Na. The SO4 2??/NO3?? ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution – the product of individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion component. The results also showed that Na+ and Cl?? contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2+ by seawater and crustal materials; the NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, NO3?? and SO4 2?? by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth’s crust; and organic acids were potentially from combustion of biomass.     

Mountain environment and population in Georgia: case study of Upper Svaneti

The purpose of the presented research is to identify local community opinions toward ecological problems in one of the mountainous region of Georgia (Upper Svaneti), to analyze how population ‘perceive, experience, and interpret’ the social, and ecological issues.

The paper is based on the results of Upper Svanet ipopulation’s survey which was carried out by the authors of presented paper during the August of 2015 and 2016.The questionnaire was elaborated taking into account the peculiarities of the region. Stratified-cluster selection method was used for selection of respondents and database compilation. For statistical analysis of polling data the SPSS package was used.

Based on the statistical analysis of survey results, the following issues have been studied: the most important ecological problems, environmental problems with respect to socio-economic ones, information sources on ecological problems, people’s trust in environmental issues, awareness level of the population on environmental policy, their personal contribution in environmental protection, ways to solve ecological problems, implemented environmental measures.

The obtained results are important to foster mountain population’s active participation in processes that contribute to decision-making processes, planning and implementing programs for sustainable development.     

江西三清山东亚-北美间断分布属植物缺萼枫香群落研究

通过对三清山缺萼枫香林群落的野外调查和分析,其结果表明,(1)该群落乔木分层明显,其中第1层高达20～25m,最高可达35m。年龄结构显示,主要优势种缺萼枫香处于衰退状态。(2)群落生活型以高位芽植物占绝对优势(75.38%),地上芽植物较多(21.54%),反映出该群落具有山顶群落特征。(3)重要值计算表明,各优势种的重要值比例为缺萼枫香(52.08%)、细叶青冈(34.14%)、猴头杜鹃(31.01%)、多脉青冈(24.95%)和红花油茶(20.63%),其相应的科所占比例为壳斗科(21.9%)、金缕梅科(17.36%)、山茶科(14.86%)及杜鹃花科(12.96%),在科属地理分布区类型上群落具有从热带向温带过渡的特征,热带性科占57.84%,温带性科占42.16%。(4)多样性指数以及频度分析表明,以Shannon-Wiener公式计算,其多样性指数为4.46,介于广东鼎湖山常绿阔叶林与江西中亚热带常绿阔叶林之间;频度值分析为A>B>CE,与Raunkiaer频度定律有一定差异。整体分析表明缺萼枫香群落是中亚热带地区典型的山地常绿落叶阔叶林群落。