ACP1000冷却水管道采用超疏水表面湍流流动数值模拟

目的探索超疏水表面对ACP1000冷却水管道内流体流动的减阻性能和潜在工程应用,对冷却水管道内的湍流流动进行数值模拟计算,研究具有超疏水表面内壁的冷却水圆管管道内湍流的流动特性。方法对超疏水表面采用交替的气–液、液–固表面进行模拟,湍流流动采用二维轴对称方法进行数值模拟计算。结果随着超疏水表面气液比的增大,冷却水圆管内湍流流动的摩擦阻力系数随之减小;随着超疏水表面气液比的增大,冷却水圆管内湍流流动的能量损失随之降低。结论超疏水表面的应用能够优化ACP1000冷却系统冷却水管道的流动性能。此结果对于未来进一步优化核电站冷却水系统设计提供了理论基础。     

龙凤山本底站大气CO2数据筛分及浓度特征研究

针对黑龙江龙凤山区域大气本底站2009年1月～2011年12月低层(离地10 m)和高层(离地80 m)大气CO2在线观测数据,选取低层数据重点开展研究,分析地面风向和风速等因素对观测CO2浓度的影响.结果表明,龙凤山低层大气CO2浓度明显受局地源汇影响,其与高层观测结果差异在白天08:00～17:00相对较小,小于(0.5±0.5)×10-6(物质的量比).春、夏和秋这3个季节E-ESE-SE-SSE扇区来向的地面风会明显抬升大气CO2浓度,而冬季N-NNW-NW-WNW扇区CO2浓度明显较高.该站4个季节近地面CO2浓度随着风速增大而逐渐减小,在冬季尤为明显.结合日变化及地面风的影响,对低层观测数据进行初步本底/非本底筛分,筛选出代表东北区域混合均匀CO2水平的本底数据占总数据的30.7%.本底CO2浓度季节变化显示该站大气CO2浓度呈现冬季高夏季低的趋势,季振幅约为(36.3±1.4)×10-6,明显大于同期WMO/GAW同纬度站点观测结果,2009～2011年龙凤山大气CO2平均增长率为2.4×10-6a-1.     

硬脂酸粉着火敏感性影响因素及惰化研究*

为预防和减轻硬脂酸粉加工、储存和运输过程中的燃爆危害,采用Godbert-Greenwald恒温炉分别研究质量浓度、分散压力、惰性粉体质量分数对硬脂酸粉尘云最低着火温度的影响规律。研究结果表明:硬脂酸粉尘云的最低着火温度随质量浓度和分散压力的增加先减小后增大,当质量浓度和分散压力分别为485.4 g/m3,15 kPa时,硬脂酸粉尘云最低着火温度达到最小;添加少量惰性粉体增大了硬脂酸粉尘云分散性,对硬脂酸粉尘云最低着火温度的降低起到促进作用;随惰性粉体质量分数的增加,硬脂酸粉尘云最低着火温度先迅速增大后增速变缓;SiO2通过物理作用抑制硬脂酸粉尘云燃烧,Al(OH)3除物理作用外还通过化学分解参与自由基碰撞,可有效提升硬脂酸粉尘云的最低着火温度。     

Aqueous and organic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi

Aqueous extracts from various plant parts of fenugreek (3%) (aerial parts: leaves and stems (LS), roots (R), ground seeds (GS) and not ground seeds (NGS)) and petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts were assayed to determine their antifungal potential against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctinia solani. All fenugreek plant parts showed antifungal potential and the magnitude of their inhibitory e ects was species and plant parts dependent. R extract was shown less toxic (30.38%), whereas NGS extract expressed the strongest inhibition, with an average of 71.44%, followed by GS (58.56%) and LS (57.1%). Screening indicated that P. aphanidermatum was the most resistant species, with an average inhibition of 34.5%. F. graminearum, Alternaria sp. and R. solani were the most sensitive species, and were similarly inhibited (63.5%). The stability test indicated that the aqueous extracts of all plant parts lost approximately 50% of their relative activity after one month of storage at 4°C, whilst they lost 60%–90% of their activity when stored at ambient temperature for one month. The antifungal activity resided mainly in the methanol fraction and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol fraction witch caused total inhibition of R. solani and Alternaria sp. was 60 g/ml. Results of current study suggested that the constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum have potential against harmful pathogenic fungi. Therefore, fenugreek could be an important source of biologically active compounds useful for developing better new antifungal drugs.     

秸秆连续还田配施化肥对稻-油轮作土壤碳库及作物产量的影响

依据田间连续7 a秸秆还田定位试验,探讨秸秆还田配施化肥对巢湖地区农田土壤剖面（0~20、20~50和50~80 cm）的土壤总有机碳（TOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）、活性有机碳（LOC）、碳库管理指数（CPMI）和作物产量的影响.试验设置无秸秆还田+无施肥（CK）、常规施肥（F）、秸秆还田+常规施肥（SF1）和秸秆还田+80%常规施肥（SF2）这4个处理,分析不同土层土壤总有机碳和组分含量、CPMI和油菜-水稻产量的变化规律.结果表明,以CK为参考,常规施肥和秸秆还田配施化肥均提高了垂直剖面土壤总有机碳和组分的含量,且不同土层土壤总有机碳和组分的含量随土层深度增加而逐渐降低.在0~20 cm土层,与F处理相比,SF1和SF2处理显著提高TOC、DOC、POC和LOC的含量,增幅分别为：14.23%~28.97%、7.86%~27.01%、16.46%~24.24%和5.89%~6.64%（P<0.05）;在20~50 cm土层,SF1较F处理的TOC和LOC的含量显著增加9.43%和8.34%（P<0.05）,SF2较F处理的DOC和POC的含量显著增加17.51%和65.83%（P<0.05）;在50~80 cm土层,各处理间土壤总有机碳和组分的含量均无显著差异.秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤碳库管理指数影响显著,SF1较F处理显著提高0~50 cm土层的CPMI,而F处理的CPMI在50~80 cm土层最大,但各处理间均无显著差异.秸秆还田配施化肥对作物产量具有显著提升作用,且SF1处理的产量最高,SF1较F处理的水稻、油菜和周年产量分别显著增加6.19%、7.67%和6.54%（P<0.05）.总的来说,稻-油轮作模式下秸秆还田配施化肥对提高巢湖地区土壤碳库、土壤肥力和作物产量具有重要意义.