零价铁催化过二硫酸盐降解苯胺

采用Fe⁰催化过二硫酸钠（PS）降解水中苯胺（AN）。在Fe⁰-PS体系中,Fe⁰在酸性条件下被氧化生成Fe²⁺,Fe²⁺可以催化PS产生强氧化性的SO₄^#x02022;-,发生类Fenton试剂氧化反应,从而降解AN。实验结果表明,在PS加入量为6.0mmol/L、Fe⁰加入量为35.7mmol/L、反应时间为120min的条件下,AN降解率可达81.4%,TOC去除率达52.6%,一级反应速率常数为0.03819min^-1。     

二氧化氯催化氧化—曝气生物滤池法深度处理造纸废水

采用二氧化氯催化氧化法—BAF法深度处理造纸废水,实验结果表明:在二氧化氯加入量为150mg/L,催化氧化时间为40min时,可生化性BOD5/COD最高达到0.316;二氧化氯氧化后出水经曝气生物滤池深度处理后,BOD5低于20mg/L,COD低于90mg/L,TSS低于30mg/L,处理后水质完全达到国家新的排放标准(GB3544—2008)。     

扬水曝气强化催化氧化去除水中有机微污染物

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍焙烧法制备了负载型催化剂RuO2-CeO2/γ-Al2O3、Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3、Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3。在扬水曝气条件下,以西安某水源水库水为原水,考察了各催化剂对有机微污染物的净化效果,实验发现,催化剂反复多次使用并无明显失活现象,连续使用20 d以消除单纯吸附的影响后,仍然可在7 d内使UV254、CODMn、DOC的去除率分别达到38%、28%和27%。离子溶出实验表明,Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3有很好的稳定性。综合考虑处理效果、制备工艺以及制备成本,选择Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为最佳催化剂。为了使催化剂Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3具有最佳活性,分别考察了焙烧时间、焙烧温度、浸渍液浓度、浸渍时间等,并对其制备工艺进行了优化。然后反应前后水样的分子量测定结果表明,反应后大分子比例下降,而小分子比例提高,说明催化氧化将一定量的大分子降解成为小分子。     

钯修饰碳纳米管电极电催化氧化三氯生

采用钯修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)电极电催化氧化降解三氯生,考察了极板间距、电流密度、离子强度、pH、初始浓度和电解时间对三氯生去除效率的影响,并探讨了其反应动力学。结果表明:钯修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)电极电催化氧化降解三氯生的最佳条件为:三氯生初始浓度为50 mg/L,电流密度约为10 mA/cm2,极板间距为1 cm,pH为11,电解质Na2SO4浓度为1 000 mg/L。此条件下,反应时间为3 h时三氯生的去除率可达到99%以上,三氯生的降解为零级反应。     

Stabilization of potassium permanganate particles with manganese dioxide

A new potassium permanganate reagent with slow-release properties was designed and tested for possible application in in situ chemical oxidation. For this purpose, MnO₂-coated KMnO₄ particles (MCP) were prepared by partial reduction of solid KMnO₄ using the acid-catalyzed reaction with n-propanol or the comproportionation of Mn(VII) and Mn(II) in n-propanol as reaction medium. Column tests showed that, for MCP with a residual KMnO₄ fraction of 70 wt%, the duration of permanganate release under flow-through conditions was prolonged by a factor of 10 compared to untreated KMnO₄. While KMnO₄ is too soluble to be used in reactive barriers, MCP could be introduced into the aquifer by filling of trenches or boreholes; this would allow a prolonged passive dosing of permanganate into the flowing groundwater. In addition, experiments were conducted in order to determine the oxidation capability of native KMnO₄ particles and MCP in CH₂Cl₂, a representative non-polar non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). It may be possible to utilize the significantly higher reactivity of MCP under these conditions for the design of slow-release permanganate particles for NAPL source treatment.     

Fenton氧化/高浓度泥浆法处理矿山废水

为了解决某大型铜矿废水COD不达标问题,采用Fenton氧化对原有高浓度泥浆（HDS）工艺进行改进。探讨了Fenton氧化矿山废水各指标的去除效果以及H₂O₂浓度对出水COD去除效果的影响,结果表明,Fenton氧化-电石乳中和絮凝沉淀工艺处理矿山废水是可行的,最优实验条件为：pH稳定在3.0～4.5,H₂O₂投加量0.5 mL/L,电石乳投加量8.5 g/L,PAM投加量1.5 mg/L;系统对废水COD的去除机理是加入的H₂O₂和矿山酸性废水中的Fe²⁺离子在低pH下形成Fenton试剂;系统对TFe、Zn²⁺、Cu2+ 的去除效果比Mn²⁺的去除效果更稳定。     

Influence of mercury and selenium chemistries on the progression of cardiomyopathy in pygmy sperm whales, Kogia breviceps

More than half of pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) that strand exhibit signs of cardiomyopathy (CMP). Many factors may contribute to the development of idiopathic CMP in K. breviceps, including genetics, infectious agents, contaminants, biotoxins, and dietary intake (e.g. selenium, mercury, and pro-oxidants). This study assessed trace elements in K. breviceps at various stages of CMP progression using fresh frozen liver and heart samples collected from individuals that stranded along US Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1993 and 2007. Standard addition calibration and collision cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed for total Se analysis and pyrolysis atomic absorption (AA) was utilized for total Hg analysis to examine if the Se/Hg detoxification pathway inhibits the bioavailability of Se. Double spike speciated isotope dilution gas chromatography ICP-MS was utilized to measure methyl Hg and inorganic Hg. Immunoblot detection and colorimetric assays were used to assess protein oxidation status. Data collected on trace elements, selenoproteins, and oxidative status were evaluated in the context of animal life history and other complementary histological information to gain insight into the biochemical pathways contributing to the development of CMP in K. breviceps. Cardiomyopathy was only observed in adult pygmy sperm whales, predominantly in male animals. Both Hg:Se molar ratios and overall protein oxidation were greater in males than females and increased with progression of CMP.     

The oxidation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under the atmospheric conditions - A theoretical study

The atmospheric polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) partition appreciably in the gas phase, where they undergo rapid oxidation. The atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of a few PCDDs, initiated by OH radical, are studied using density functional theory calculations. The oxidations start with OH-addition to the aromatic rings, dominantly at γ-sites, followed by the non-chlorinated β-sites; while additions to the α-sites or chlorinated sites are negligible. For PCDDs with all β-sites being chlorinated, formation of PCDD-γ-OH adducts become virtually the only reaction path. Under the atmospheric conditions, the PCDD-β/γ-OH adducts combine with O₂ slowly at rates <1 s⁻¹. Instead, the PCDD-β-OH adducts will react with O₂ through hydrogen abstraction at rates <50 s⁻¹, forming PCDD-β-ol, and the PCDD-γ-OH adducts will decompose to the substituted phenoxy radicals by fused-ring C-O bond cleavage at rates of 10³ ∼ 10⁵ s⁻¹. The reaction mechanisms of PCDDs are drastically different from the peroxy mechanism for the atmospheric oxidations of benzene and dibenzofuran.     

A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A2O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。