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141.
为探究组合煤岩力学性质与声-电荷信号关系,选用新邱矿区煤样和砂岩制备组合煤岩试样,采用物理实验和数值实验相结合的方法,开展不同岩煤高度比的组合煤岩试样受载破坏声发射与电荷感应监测试验,得到了组合煤岩力学性质、声-电荷信号规律及其相互关系。结果表明:组合煤岩试样中的岩石高度提高会提升其整体强度,其破坏脆性特征显著,冲击倾向性增强,弹性阶段的声发射信号提前,声发射能量累积量增加,峰后声发射能量变化率及电荷变化率增大;组合煤岩峰后产生连续声发射信号和电荷信号,强冲击和中等冲击组合煤岩破坏时声发射能量变化率分别为0.336和0.047 J/s,电荷变化率分别为204.88和24.52 pC/s。声发射信号与电荷信号可以在一定程度上反应组合煤岩应力状态并预测失稳破坏,为通过信号监测煤体冲击地压灾害发生提供依据。 相似文献
142.
Local Responses to Inundation and De-Farming in the Reservoir Region of the Three Gorges Project (China) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Large-scale infrastructural developments in rural areas often impose significant direct and indirect impacts on environment
and people. The Three Gorges Project to dam the Yangtze River in China will create a huge reservoir, inundate farmlands and
villages, and incur large-scale resettlement. The concurrent de-farming program to reforest marginal farmlands on steep slopes
imposes additional stresses on local people. This study evaluates the ecological and economic adjustments in rural areas affected
by both projects, and explores villagers’ knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and expectations vis-à-vis the drastic changes.
Eleven villages in Yunyang County in Sichuan Province, stratified into three zones based on topography and agriculture, were
assessed by field studies, questionnaire surveys, maps, satellite imagery, and census and government reports. Multiple regressions
identified predictors for 17 dependent variables. Spatial variations in the difficult terrain imposed zone-differentiated
agricultural constraints, ecological impacts, and human responses. The dominant farming population—mainly young adults working
as migrant laborers in cities—has adopted some nonagricultural work to supplement incomes. Expected per-capita standardized
farmland (SF) exceeded threshold SF, which surpasses existing SF. Motivations to reclaim more farmlands, de-farm marginal
lands, and become migrant laborers were explained by different multiple-regression predictors. Reduction in farmland stock
by inundation and de-farming, aggravated by unwillingness towards nonlocal resettlement, would impose ecological pressures
and stimulate demands for nonfarming incomes. Common anticipation of better future income and occupation has been subdued
by unfavorable feedbacks from early relocatees. Future environmental and landscape changes are hinged upon changing human
responses. Government policies could be informed by research findings to match economic, ecological, and social realities. 相似文献
143.
Strategic land retirement in agricultural settings has been used as one way to achieve a combination of social objectives,
which include ameliorating water quality problems and enhancing existing systems of wildlife habitat. This study uses a simulation
model operating on a virtual landscape, along with the compromise programming method, to illustrate the implications of alternative
weighting schemes for the long-term performance of the landscape toward various objectives. The analysis suggests that particular
spatial patterns may be related to how various objectives are weighted. The analysis also illustrates the inevitable trade-offs
among objectives, although it may be tempting to present retirement strategies as “win-win.” 相似文献
144.
Performance Evaluation of the SLEUTH Model in the Shenyang Metropolitan Area of Northeastern China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Xiaoqing Wu Yuanman Hu Hong S. He Rencang Bu Jeff Onsted Fengming Xi 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(2):221-230
Performance evaluation is crucial for the development and improvement of an urban cellular automata model, such as SLEUTH.
In this paper, we employed multiple methods for map comparison and model validation to evaluate the simulation performance
of the SLEUTH urban growth model in the Shenyang metropolitan area of China. These multiple methods included the relative
operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistic, multiple-resolutions error budget, and landscape metrics. They were used to
quantitatively examine model performance in terms of the amount and spatial location of urban development, urban spatial pattern
and prediction ability. The assessment results showed that SLEUTH performed well in the way of the quantitative simulation
of urban growth for this case study. Similar to other urban growth models, however, the simulation accuracy for spatial location
of new development at the pixel scale and urban spatial pattern still needs to be improved greatly. These inaccuracies might
be attributed to the structure and nature of SLEUTH, local urban development characteristics, and the temporal and spatial
scale of its application. Finally, many valuable suggestions had been put forward to improve simulation performance of SLEUTH
model for spatial location of urban development in the Shenyang metropolitan area. 相似文献
145.
Ross A. Sutherland Filip M. G. Tack Christina A. Tolosa Marc G. Verloo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,71(3):221-242
Washoff of road deposited sediment into storm drainsystems is one of the major contributors to nonpoint sourcepollution in urban fluvial networks. These sediments contain avariety of potentially toxic organic and inorganic contaminants.Road sediment from 13 locations in an urban (non-industrialized)drainage basin, and soil from 10 background (control) locationswere collected to assess total and labile fractions of Al, Co,Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Four digestions, of varying strength,were used to assess contaminant levels, these included: a totalfour-acid digestion, a microwave-assisted digestion withconcentrated nitric acid (USEPA Method 3051), a 0.5 M `cold' HCl,and a 0.05 M EDTA (pH 7). Road sediment data indicate that Al,Co, Fe, Mn and Ni were primarily lithogenic in origin, while Cu,Pb and Zn showed very significant anthropogenic signals, mostprobably from vehicle-related sources. Median Pb concentrationenrichment ratios for the EDTA extraction were about 42,indicating an extreme anthropogenic signal. The weak extractants(HCl and EDTA) are considered in this study to be superior intheir ability to characterize the degree of anthropogeniccontamination and should be utilized more widely in environmentalcontaminant studies. 相似文献
146.
梅梁湖水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
根据2008年的4月—11月梅梁湖水域应急监测数据,探讨了梅梁湖水体浮游植物与环境因子的关系。相关性分析结果表明,蓝绿藻含量与TP、pH值和DO呈极显著正相关;与TN、SD和EC呈极显著负相关;与NH3-N呈显著负相关。多元逐步回归分析结果表明,梅梁湖浮游植物生长受多个环境因子的共同影响,但主要为TP、TN、水温和风速。 相似文献
147.
基于多元回归理论的太湖湖泛预警模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在太湖宜兴段藻源性湖泛高发区设立4个监测点,以湖泛发生的物质基础"藻类生物量"为研究对象,运用数据分析软件SPSS对监测点的藻类生物量、水质、气温等数据进行相关分析,建立了以藻密度为因变量的多元逐步回归模型。结合往年太湖藻源性湖泛发生时的气象条件等历史资料以及相关藻密度阈值的报道,构建了太湖宜兴段藻源性湖泛高发区监测预警模型系统,该模型能够基于监测点的实时水质数据和气象预报数据,对监控区域湖水在未来某时间段内发生湖泛风险的可能性进行分级预警。 相似文献
148.
149.
Chemicals such as those used for scent marking, or visual cues such as color badges, can transmit information pertaining to
different aspects of individual, group and species recognition and attributes. Here, we show that complex acoustic cues, such
as calls also have the capacity for such information transfer. Although songs are usually attributed to birds, rock hyraxes
(Procavia capensis) engage in a rich and complex vocalizing behavior that we term ‘singing’. Previous studies on various species have shown
that a specific vocalization can closely reflect a specific attribute. Using a series of multiple regressions, we show that
a single complex vocalization by the adult male rock hyrax closely reflects numerous individual traits, possibly encoding
various types of biologically important information (multiple-messages hypothesis). Our study reveals that hyrax songs provide
accurate information regarding body weight, size and condition, social status and hormonal state of the singer. We also show
that these independent data are sent in a sequential manner, a pattern that probably allows a better partition of the messages
embedded in the song. Our results imply that animals, through complex individual vocalizations, can potentially advertise
multiple individual attributes in the same manner as that produced by chemical scent marking.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
150.
In insects, the last male to mate with a female often gains access to a disproportionate number of subsequent fertilizations.
This study examined last-male sperm precedence patterns in doubly and triply mated Tribolium castaneum females. Sperm storage processes were investigated by measuring the quantity of sperm stored within the female spermatheca
following single, double, and triple matings. Both doubly mated and triply mated females exhibited high last-male sperm precedence
for progeny produced during the first 48 h following the last mating, with females in both groups exhibiting parallel declines
in sperm precedence 1 and 2 weeks later. The number of sperm stored by females increased by 33% between singly mated and doubly
mated females, indicating that the spermatheca is filled to only two-thirds capacity following insemination by the first male.
Based on the proportion of stored sperm from first and second matings, we tested predictions about sperm precedence values
based on models of random sperm mixing. High initial last-male sperm precedence strongly supports stratification of last-male
sperm. By 1–2 weeks after double matings, sperm precedence declined to levels indistinguishable from values expected under
random mixing. These results provide insight into mechanisms of sperm storage and utilization in this species.
Received: 20 August 1997 / Accepted after revision: 24 May 1998 相似文献