用循环泵替代石膏排出泵节能措施的可行性论证简

PH值与石膏浆液密度是石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中非常重要的监视参数,我厂最初采用的是使用石膏排出泵直接向PH计及密度计供浆的运行方式.此种设计存在着能耗高、设备缺陷发生率高等诸多弊端.针对上述情况,本文采用了以循环泵A替代石膏排出泵向PH计及密度计供浆的方式,并对改造结果进行了论证,发现此项改造在不影响脱硫效果及系统正常运行的情况下解决了上述诸多问题,取得了良好的效果.     

遵义市城市土地集约利用评价

如何有效集约利用城市土地,创造尽可能大的经济、社会、生态效益是城市发展的重点。从土地投入强度、利用程度、利用效益、土地利用生态环境四个方面,构建了城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用熵值法,分析遵义市2002²011年建设用地集约利用的水平及变化特征,综合评价出遵义市城市土地集约利用水平不高,并提出加强土地利用程度、开展土地整理、加强生态环境建设等建议。从走可持续发展道路的角度考虑,土地集约利用是大势所趋。     

用循环泵替代石膏排出泵节能措施的可行性论证

PH值与石膏浆液密度是石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中非常重要的监视参数,我厂最初采用的是使用石膏排出泵直接向PH计及密度计供浆的运行方式。此种设计存在着能耗高、设备缺陷发生率高等诸多弊端。针对上述情况,本文采用了以循环泵A替代石膏排出泵向PH计及密度计供浆的方式,并对改造结果进行了论证,发现此项改造在不影响脱硫效果及系统正常运行的情况下解决了上述诸多问题,取得了良好的效果。     

空气资源评估方法及其在城市环境总体规划中的应用

从空气污染气候学的角度,提出了空气资源禀赋的概念、评估方法、等级划分及分区管控的理念.同时,以宜昌城市环境总体规划为例,利用MM5耦合CALMET模式对大气环境系统进行解析,计算了宜昌市域范围高时空分辨率(1 km×1 km)通风系数A值分布,并作为空气资源禀赋等级分区的依据.在此基础上,将空气资源分区的结果与地理信息系统相结合,给出其空间分布,强化了分区管控政策的空间落地.评估结果表明,宜昌地区空气资源禀赋等级共分为4级,A值在8以上的空气资源禀赋充裕的地区,约占市域面积的30.3%;较好和一般的地区,A值分别在5~8和3~5之间,约占34.1%和34.8%;A值在1~3之间空气资源禀赋稀少的地区,仅占0.8%.本研究提出的空气资源禀赋分区方法具有较强的合理性,预期在城市中长期发展过程中的产业布局与分级调控中具有较好的应用前景.     

盐度对好氧颗粒污泥硝化过程中N2O产生量的影响

采用好氧SBR反应器,考察盐度在0、5、10 g·L-1条件下好氧颗粒污泥全程硝化过程中N2O产生量的变化情况以及对系统脱氮效果的影响.结果显示,随着污水中盐度增加,N2O产生量呈递增趋势.在3个盐度下(0、5、10 g·L-1),溶解态N2O产生量分别为1.21、8.99、24.81 mg·m-3,释放态N2O产生量分别为0.95、3.46、16.45 mg·m-3.在盐度为5 g·L-1和10g·L-1条件下,N2O释放速率分别为0 g·L-1时的3.6倍和17.4倍.在3种盐度条件下无论是溶解态N2O还是释放态N2O产生量在硝化过程的变化趋势均是先上升后下降,且溶解态N2O产生量大于释放态产量.另外当盐度浓度较低时(低于5 g·L-1),对NH+4-N去除效果影响较小,NH+4-N的去除率与盐度为0 g·L-1时基本相同,均在98%以上;但当盐度升至10 g·L-1后,NH+4-N的去除率降到了70%.因此,污水中盐度增加不仅影响NH+4-N的去除效率,而且增加N2O产生量.     

pH值对化学-生物混合污泥厌氧发酵释磷的影响

以污水处理厂化学除磷工艺产生的常见化学磷(AlPO4和FePO4)沉淀为研究对象,考察了两种化学磷分别与剩余活性污泥(即生物污泥)混合厌氧发酵过程中化学磷和生物磷的释放情况.结果表明:在纯水中,AlPO4在强酸强碱条件下均能释出部分磷,FePO4只在强碱条件下才能溶解释磷.在(35±1)℃,不同pH值下将含AlPO4的混合污泥厌氧发酵时,强酸性厌氧发酵能释出较多的化学磷,但微生物活性被抑制,不利于发酵产酸;碱性发酵(pH=10~11)能释出28%~55%的化学磷,43%~49%的生物磷,总释磷量比中性条件下高17.5%~62.7%,同时利于发酵产酸,维持pH 10和11时产酸量分别比中性条件高233%和117%;对于含FePO4的混合污泥厌氧发酵,中性条件下即能释放FePO4中40%的磷和生物污泥中50%的磷,释磷量高于pH=11的碱性厌氧发酵释磷量.     

冻融对内蒙古温带贝加尔针茅草甸草原N2O通量的影响

本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验与野外观测实验相结合,分析不同土层、放牧与封育、长期与短期冻融、不同冻融频率与冻融温差强度对草地土壤N2O产生与排放的影响.结果表明:冻融期间,从地表到下层15cm土壤N2O的产生速率随深度的增加而逐渐减少,N2O的产生主要来源于0~9cm的表层土壤;冻融期间温差相同的情况下,冻融次数越多,N2O的产生速率越小;N2O的产生速率随着温差的变小而减少;冻融期间封育样地的N2O排放量大于放牧样地,且封育样地的N2O排放量占全年排放总量的25.09%,大于放牧样地(12.38%),但从观测年排放总量看,放牧却促进了草地N2O源的功能;草地春融期间的N2O排放量是整个冻融期N2O排放量的最大贡献者.     

浒苔绿潮与南黄海近岸海域水质的关系

浒苔绿潮在黄海海域连续暴发,为研究浒苔绿潮与该海域水质的关系,根据2010年3~6月5个航次对南黄海苏北近岸浒苔绿潮暴发区海域生态环境要素的调查数据,重点研究了该海域温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH值的分布特征及其与浒苔绿潮的关系.结果表明,受陆地径流及苏北沿岸流的影响,调查海区为低盐高营养盐区,为绿潮的暴发提供了一定物质基础.第1航次到第5航次温度由8.8℃升高到21.6℃,第3航次调查海区开始出现漂浮浒苔藻体,此航次温度平均值为14.6℃;盐度平均值为31.6,第3航次到第5航次温度和盐度值均处于浒苔藻体适宜的生长范围之内.调查海区整体上均处于富氧状态,且从第1航次到第5航次溶解氧值逐渐减低.受陆地径流的影响整个调查区域pH值基本都小于8.0.海区适宜的温度、盐度、溶解氧及pH值,为近些年黄海海域浒苔绿潮持续的大规模暴发,提供了一定的环境条件.     

Sources of nitrous and nitric oxides in paddy soils：Nitrification and denitrification

Rice-paddies are regarded as one of the main agricultural sources of N 2O and NO emissions. To date, however, specific N2O and NO production pathways are poorly understood in paddy soils. ^15N-tracing experiments were carded out to investigate the processes responsible for N2O and NO production in two paddy soils with substantially different soil properties. Laboratory incubation experiments were carried out under aerobic conditions at moisture contents corresponding to 60% of water holding capacity. The relative importance of nitrification and denitrification to the flux of NaO was quantified by periodically measuring and comparing the enrichments of the N2O, NH~-N and NO3-N pools. The results showed that both N2O and NO emission rates in an alkaline paddy soil with clayey texture were substantially higher than those in a neutral paddy soil with silty loamy texture. In accordance with most published results, the ammonium N pool was the main source of N2O emission across the soil profiles of the two paddy soils, being responsible for 59.7% to 97.7% of total N2O emissions. The NO3-N pool of N2O emission was relatively less important under the given aerobic conditions. The rates of N2O emission from nitrification （N2On） among different soil layers were significantly different, which could be attributed to both the differences in gross N nitrification rates and to the ratios of nitrified N emitted as NzO among soil layers. Furthermore, NO fluxes were positively correlated with the changes in gross nitrification rates and the ratios of NO/N2O in the two paddy soils were always greater than one （from 1.26 to 6.47）. We therefore deduce that, similar to N2O, nitrification was also the dominant source of NO in the tested paddy soils at water contents below 60% water holding capacity.     

Isolation, identification and arsenic-resistance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans HX3 producing schwertmannite

Schwertmannite, a ubiquitous mineral present in iron oxyhydroxides formed in iron- and sulfate-rich acid media, favors incorporation of some toxic anions in its structure. We reported an iron-oxidizing bacterial strain HX3 from a municipal sludge that facilitates the formation of pure schwertmannite in cultures. Ferrous iron oxidation by the isolated strain HX3 was optimum at an initial pH of 2.0-3.3 and temperature of 28-35°C. Pure schwertmannite was found through bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron at an initial pH 2.8and temperature 28°C. Following 16 S rDNA gene sequence analysis the bacterial strain HX3 was identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The arsenic-resistance A. ferrooxidans HX3 showed the potential of environmental application in arsenic removal from the As（Ⅲ）- and iron-rich acid sulfate waters directly by As（Ⅲ） adsorption or the formation of schwertmannite in the environment.