赛默飞世尔色谱质谱戴安产品简介

戴安产品专注于色谱及样品前处理,色谱类仪器包含离子色谱、液相色谱、各类型检测器、色谱柱耗材、色谱管理软件;样品前处理产品则涵盖了色谱分析前所需的液体萃取至固体萃取自动化操作仪器.     

机械伤害

发辫被绞撕掉头皮事故经过:1.1978年6月3日,某校安排学生在某厂劳动。学生华某被分到修配车间跟车工林某学徒。2.每班开工之前,林某按惯例都将机床各处     

饮用水含氮消毒副产物NDMA控制技术研究进展

N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）作为一种新发现的饮用水消毒副产物,由于其具有高致癌风险,已逐渐成为水环境化学研究领域的一个热点。本文介绍了饮用水含氮消毒副产物NDMA的相关背景,分析了光降解、生物降解、臭氧氧化、高级氧化技术、吸附法、反渗透膜法及金属催化等各种NDMA去除工艺,探讨了各种工艺的特点以及对NDMA的去除性能。     

Elucidating the removal mechanism of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic activated sludge system

N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate （DMDTC） is a typical precursor of N-nitrosodimethylamine （NDMA）. Based on separate hydrolysis, sorption and biodegradation studies of DMDTC, a laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （AAO） system was established to investigate the removal mechanism of DMDTC in this nutrient removal biological treatment system. DMDTC hydrolyzed easily in water solution under either acidic conditions or strong alkaline conditions, and dimethylamine （DMA） was the main hydrolysate. Under anaerobic, anoxic or oxic conditions, DMDTC was biodegraded and completely mineralized. Furthermore, DMA was the main intermediate in DMDTC biodegradation. In the AAO system, the optimal conditions for both nutrient and DMDTC removal were hydraulic retention time 8 hr, sludge retention time 20 day, mixed-liquor return ratio 3：1 and sludge return ratio 1：1. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency of DMDTC reached 99.5%; the removal efficiencies of chemical organic demand, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 90%, 98%, 81% and 93%, respectively. Biodegradation is the dominant mechanism for DMDTC removal in the AAO system, which was elucidated as consisting of two steps： first, DMDTC is transformed to DMA in the anaerobic and anoxic units, and then DMA is mineralized to CO2 and NH3 in the anoxic and oxic units. The mineralization of DMDTC in the biological treatment system can effectively avoid the formation of NDMA during subsequent disinfection processes.     

Distribution and seasonal variation of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential in the Huangpu River, China

Detection of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) in drinking water has led to rising concerns. There are, however, a paucity of studies on the distribution and seasonal variation of NDMA and NDMA formation potential(NDMA-FP) in natural waters, especially in China. For EDCs, limited studies have investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2), technical-nonylphenols(t-NP), and bisphenol A(BPA) in Shanghai. In this study, water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along the Huangpu River in 2012. The distribution and seasonal variation of EDCs, NDMA, and NDMA-FP were investigated. The results showed that all of the 11 sampling sites were contaminated by the target compounds. Compared with E2 and EE2, higher E1 and E3 concentrations were usually detected in the Huangpu River. The values of 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) suggest a high possibility of endocrine effects on exposed organisms in the Huangpu River. NDMA-FP and t-NP were the dominant contaminants among the eight target compounds. The detection rates of the target compounds and their concentrations were both higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons. Higher concentrations of target compounds were observed in urban sampling sites near drainage outlets, and also in suburban sampling sites where intensive livestock farming and farmlands were located.     

风筒位置对掘进巷道流场影响的PIV实验*

为探究风筒位置对掘进巷道风流分布规律的影响,利用Fluent软件确定出实验模型内流体进入“第二自模区”的临界风速,保证实验模型与实际巷道的流动相似,采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对压、抽风筒距迎头不同距离下的前压后抽式通风流场进行测量。实验结果表明:抽风筒距巷道迎头距离的改变对迎头处流场影响较小,涡流中心位置也不会发生改变,当抽风筒距迎头距离大于4.5S,回流区的风流充分发展,流动较为平缓。压风筒距巷道迎头距离的改变对迎头处流场和涡流影响较大,当压风筒距迎头距离大于3S,涡流中心位置向远离迎头的方向移动,涡流区域逐渐扩大。基于相似理论的PIV实验结果可为矿井掘进巷道通风工作提供一定参考。     

前处理工艺对炼化污水污染物组成特性的影响

文章以某炼化企业双膜工艺RO装置前各工艺段出水为研究对象,对其进行综合水质特性分析,并采用三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光谱和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析比较污水中的有机物组成及特性。结果表明：炼化污水中溶解性有机物（DOM）是污水化学需氧量（COD）的主要来源,DOM的分子量和芳香度随着处理工艺的进行逐渐降低。生物接触氧化、絮凝-气浮和砂滤工艺在一定程度上增加了DOM的含量,而超滤（UF）出水具有最低的溶解性有机碳（DOC）。3D-EEM光谱表明：炼化污水中DOM主要含有腐殖酸类腐殖质、微生物代谢产物和芳香类蛋白质3类荧光物质,生物接触氧化工艺能够显著增加DOM中微生物代谢产物和芳香类蛋白质的含量。FTIR光谱分析表明：在各工艺段出水中,UF出水DOM中含有更多的脂肪类有机物、C=O官能团而非C=C和C～O结构。     

国内资讯

《对外投资合作环境保护指南》发布商务部、环保部日前联合发布《对外投资合作环境保护指南》。《环保指南》是由两部门在借鉴国际经验和理念的基础上,结合中国国情研究制定的,旨在指导中国企业进一步规范对外投资合作中的环境保护行为,及时识别和防范环境风险,引导企业积极履行环境保护社会责任,树立中国企业良好对外形象,支持东道国的可持续发展。     

加速溶剂萃取法（ASE）测定土壤中酞酸酯类有机物

应用加速溶剂萃取法（ASE）对土壤样品进行前处理测定酞酸酯类有机物,根据溶质在不同溶剂中溶解度不同,在较高的温度和压力下选择合适的溶剂,高效、快速地萃取固体或半固体样品中的待测物。与传统萃取技术相比,ASE技术具有操作简单、萃取效率高、萃取时间短、回收率高、所需溶剂用量少、对环境二次污染小等优势。     

QuEChERS提取法在农产品农药残留检测中的应用进展

食品中的农药残留检测长期以来一直是一项艰巨的挑战,其杂质干扰多,残留含量低,传统的提取方法常常因为无法将杂质分离而影响检测结果。由于食品中杂质种类众多,农药的种类繁多且理化性质各异,新型农药日益涌现,所以对样品的前处理提出了更高的要求。近年来,QuEchERs（Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,RuggedandSafe）作为一种新型的提取方法,由于具有快速、简单、廉价、有效、可靠、安全的特点,成为国内外广泛采用的样品前处理新技术,在多种农药、医药、兽药的气相或液相色谱分析中已经得到广泛应用。本文就国内外对QuEChERS法在各类食品以及其他动植物性农产品的农药残留检测中的应用和方法的改进进行了综述,并对QuEChERS法在今后农药残留检测的应用前景以及发展方向进行了展望。