Simulating the injection of micellar solutions to recover diesel in a sand column

This paper presents numerical simulations of laboratory experiments where diesel, initially present at 18% residual saturation in a sand column, was recovered by injecting a micellar solution containing the surfactant Hostapur SAS-60 (SAS), and two alcohols, n-butanol (n-BuOH), and n-pentanol (n-PeOH). The micellar solution was developed and optimized for diesel recovery using phase diagrams and soil column experiments. Numerical simulations with the compositional simulator UTCHEM agree with the experimental results and show that the entire residual diesel in the sand column was recovered after the downward injection of 5 pore volumes of the micellar solution. Recovery of diesel occurs by enhanced solubility in the microemulsion phase and by mobilization. An additional series of simulations investigated the effects of phase transfer, alcohol partitioning, and component segregation on diesel recovery. These simulations indicate that diesel can be accurately represented in the model by a single component, but that the pseudo-component approach for active matter and the assumption of local phase equilibrium leads to an underestimation of diesel mobilization.     

颗粒层中非水相液体污染物冲洗排出速度的数值模拟简

在进行污染土壤的冲洗修复时,模型模拟是极具优势的预测净化效果的方法。本研究分别采用5种粒径的球形玻璃微珠模拟实际土壤,实验考察了玻璃微珠颗粒层中水和非水相液体的排出速度,给出了颗粒层中液含率分布函数,以及最大和最小颗粒层孔隙直径的定义,建立了一个描述颗粒层中水和非水相液体排出速度的多孔介质孔隙毛细管束模型。使用构建的模型模拟水和异辛烷在颗粒层中的排出速度,模拟结果与实验数据有很好的一致性,模型预测结果的平均相对误差小于6.4%,特别是对粒径较小颗粒层,预测的准确性更高。模型可作为进一步研究在非水相液体饱和土壤水冲洗修复时,水和非水相液体排出速度和修复效果的基础。     

甲苯在北京褐潮土中的运移分布及其STOMP模拟研究

针对我国日益严峻的土壤突发泄漏事故等环境问题,采用二维土槽装置模拟非水相液体(甲苯)发生瞬时泄漏后,其在北京褐潮土中的运移及分布规律,并采用STOMP模型对其进行了模拟.结果表明,泄漏9 h后,含量>1 g.kg-1和>20 g.kg-1的甲苯污染羽横向与垂向距离比分别约为2.3和3.这是由于北京褐潮土的渗透性能较差(渗透系数为0.12 cm.h-1),因此对甲苯的入渗过程有较强的阻滞作用,导致甲苯运移方式主要以水平扩散为主,垂向迁移能力较小.采用STOMP模型对非均质性土层结构(北京褐潮土-砂土和砂土-北京褐潮土2种结构)中的甲苯运移模拟结果表明,由于砂土渗透系数(29.70cm.h-1)远大于北京褐潮土,因此土层分界面的相对渗透率突变是影响甲苯重新分布的主要因素之一.本研究可为非水相液体污染物发生突发泄漏后,及时获取其在土壤中的分布情况提供理论支持.     

蒸汽-空气混合注射修复TCE污染的二维土箱实验研究

蒸汽-空气混合注射法是一种新近发展起来的并具有较好应用前景的包气带非水相液体(NAPLs)污染修复方法.为探讨蒸汽-空气混合注射法的修复过程及机制,本研究采用石英砂模拟包气带松散介质,选取三氯乙烯作为典型污染物,在二维土箱内人工设置不同的污染方式和污染区域,开展混合注射修复实验.结果表明,混合注射有效地改善了SVE法后期出现的"拖尾"现象,其修复过程可分为SVE阶段、蒸汽加强阶段和热量穿透阶段;污染区域零散分布与单一分布相比,热量穿透土箱的时间变短,TCE去除率更高,去除速率更快.污染区域零散分布与单一分布条件下,热量穿透时间分别为60 min、69 min,去除率分别为93.5%、88.2%,去除时间分别为83.9 min、90.6 min,缩短了修复时间;另外,在污染区域单一分布的实验中发生TCE污染羽的积累与下渗现象,降低了TCE去除效率,在污染区域零散分布实验中温度过渡带更宽,温度峰前冷凝的NAPL态TCE减少.     

Remediation of saturated soil contaminated with petroleum products using air sparging with thermal enhancement

Pollutants in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), such as petroleum products, pose a serious threat to the soil and groundwater. A mathematical model was derived to study the unsteady pollutant concentrations through water saturated contaminated soil under air sparging conditions for different NAPLs and soil properties. The comparison between the numerical model results and the published experimental results showed acceptable agreement. Furthermore, an experimental study was conducted to remove NAPLs from the contaminated soil using the sparging air technique, considering the sparging air velocity, air temperature, soil grain size and different contaminant properties. This study showed that sparging air at ambient temperature through the contaminated soil can remove NAPLs, however, employing hot air sparging can provide higher contaminant removal efficiency, by about 9%. An empirical correlation for the volatilization mass transfer coefficient was developed from the experimental results. The dimensionless numbers used were Sherwood number (Sh), Peclet number (Pe), Schmidt number (Sc) and several physical-chemical properties of VOCs and porous media. Finally, the estimated volatilization mass transfer coefficient was used for calculation of the influence of heated sparging air on the spreading of the NAPL plume through the contaminated soil.