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761.
氮输入对三江湿地小叶章不同生长阶段土壤产生CH_4能力的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)不同生长阶段,用室内鲜土培养法对土壤CH4的产生能力进行了研究.结果表明,氮输入后,植物各生长阶段的土壤CH4产生率均随时间的推移发生了明显的波动.从生长季(6月7日~8月24日)CH4产生率均值来看,不同氮输入水平对土壤CH4产生起促进作用;不同氮输入水平对植物不同生长阶段CH4产生率影响明显.第一(6月7日~7月2日)、第二(7月2日~7月20日)阶段适量的氮输入(6g.m-2)对CH4产生起促进作用,但过量氮输入(12g.m-2)会对CH4产生起抑制作用;而第三(7月20日~8月7日)、第四(8月7日~8月24日)阶段不同氮输入均对CH4产生起促进作用;氮输入后,土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物量氮(MBN)、土壤基础呼吸(BR)、土壤代谢熵(qCO2)、土壤诱导呼吸(SIR)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和植物地上生物量与土壤CH4产生的动态关系存在差异.土壤CH4产生与qCO2呈显著正相关(p0.01),与土壤MBN、TOC和地上生物量呈显著正相关(p0.05). 相似文献
762.
Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior
of norfloxacin in three soils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
ZHANG Jie LI Zhaojun GE Gaofei SUN Wanchun LIANG Yongchao WU Laosheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(5):632-640
Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels. 相似文献
763.
针对目前水体中MCPA检测灵敏度不够,缺乏一种无需前处理、可直接上机、简单便捷方法的问题,以超高液相色谱串联质谱仪,建立了一种以电喷雾离子源ESI-为电离模式、MRM为监测模式、可直接进样测定水体中MCPA残留的方法。结果表明,最优方法条件为定量离子对199.0/140.9(m/z),流动相乙腈和水梯度洗脱,色谱柱Acquity UPLC HSS T3。在MCPA质量浓度为0.1~100μg/L范围内线性良好(R2=99.99%),检出限为0.006μg/L,定量限为0.018μg/L,是现有直接进样法的23~83倍,完全满足水体中MCPA的检测要求(<0.1μg/L)。在添加水平为1~100μg/L时,回收率为94.30%~105.60%,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.61%,具有前处理简单、准确性高、精密度好、灵敏度高等优点。 相似文献
764.
罗通元 《中国安全生产科学技术》2021,17(8):177-182
为厘清安全科学的本质问题,探究系统科学思维下的安全基本定义和学科体系。以刘潜安全定义和“3要素4因素”系统原理为基础,探讨其科学逻辑。通过文献调研阐述主流安全定义,分析人类安全认识历史,在此基础上分析和解释刘潜安全定义及其内涵。基于刘潜安全定义的内涵,推断出其具有的4大外延,同时提出刘潜安全定义的特征。根据科学哲学、系统科学和科学学的基础理论,刘潜建立安全“3要素4因素”系统原理,对系统原理的内涵进行阐述。最后,分析刘潜安全定义的科学价值。结果表明:刘潜安全定义能够为安全科学奠定系统性、科学性和共性的认识基础,在安全基础概念中起到引领作用。 相似文献
765.
为准确预测煤层气中多组分气体的吸附性能,将空位溶液与Dubinbin-Astakhov(DA)理论相结合,提出1种适用于煤层气吸附系统的多组分混合吸附模型。在模型中,吸附体系被视为气体与假设的“空位溶质”的多元混合物,吸附体系视为气相和吸附相空位溶质之间的平衡。结果表明:根据单组分气体吸附等温线,采用D-A方程计算分析了生成二元(吸附质+空位)混合物中纯组分气体的活度系数,并优化吸附参数;模型能够根据在单一温度下收集的纯组分吸附数据预测不同温度下的多组分气体吸附;模型计算结果与实测结果吻合良好,误差在10%以内,充分说明模型是切实可靠的。 相似文献
766.
利用水热法制备了A0.925(MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5∶Dy03.+05(A=Ca、Sr、Ba)固溶体微晶。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分析(FA)等测试手段对微晶结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征。结果表明A0.925(MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5∶Dy03+.05(A=Ca、Sr、Ba)复合钨钼酸盐微晶均呈现典型的四方晶相白钨矿结构。荧光光谱中的480nm处的偶合双峰和575nm处的锐而强的黄发射峰,分别对应于稀土离子Dy3+的4F9/2→6 H15/2和4F9/2→6 H13/2跃迁。其中具有球状颗粒(尺寸为0.7μm)形貌的Ca0.925(MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5∶Dy03.+05微晶的发射峰强度最强,在光学材料中具有潜在应用。 相似文献
767.
The biosorption characteristics of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution using exopolymers (PFC02) produced from Pseudomonas
fluorescens C-2 were investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. pH played a major role
in the adsorption process, and the optimum pH for the removal of Cs(I) was 8.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)
models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the Cs(I) ions by PFC02. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo second-order
kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. Langmuir model and D-R model fitted the equilibrium data
better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of PFC02 as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 25°C was
found to be 32.63 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 26.73 kJ/mol, indicating that the
biosorption of cesium was chemisorption. The biosorption process was rapid, and the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo
second-order model, which indicated the biosorption process operated through chemisorption mechanism. FT-IR analysis of PFC02
showed the possible functional groups responsible for cesium adsorption were hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and sulphonate groups.
SEM analysis showed the porous structure of the material while EDX analysis confirmed the adsorption of Cs(I) on PFC02. Cesium
adsorbed onto the PFC02 could be desorbed efficiently using 1 mol/L HNO3, and the enrichment factor was 50.0. Furthermore, PFC02
could be reused five times with only about 8.25% regeneration loss. The developed method was successfully utilized for the removal of
Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution. 相似文献
768.
Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of
inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4
+ and PO4
3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH
solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases,
gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at
80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and
hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific
surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products
were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4
+,
and PO4
3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4
+ decreased
due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4
3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the
solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature. 相似文献
769.
770.