常压消化体系--原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr

根据《海洋监测规范第5部分:沉积物分析》(GB 17378．5-1998)的规范方法,比较近海海洋沉积物成份分析标准物质(GBW07314)在HNO3-HCl04-HF常压消化体系中,在不同温度下Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr的溶出情况。样品消化液经赶酸后,以HCl浸提、过滤、定容,最后直接用原子吸收分光光度计测定。     

鼎湖山主要森林生态系统地表N_2O通量

利用静态箱-气相色谱法对鼎湖山3 种处于演替不同阶段的森林类型(季风常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和马尾松林)的地表N2O 通量进行了 1 年的原位观测和研究.结果表明,3 种林型地表 N2O 通量按从大到小的顺序为:季风林>混交林>松林;不同林型间的 N2O 通量差异与森林土壤的性质有密切关系,C/N 比值较低的季风林凋落叶对土壤中产生N2O 的微生物过程有较为明显的促进作用;从全年来看,松林地表N2O 通量的季节变化不明显,而季风林和混交林的地表 N2O 通量在雨季存在明显的降雨驱动效应,统计分析显示在该地区影响森林地表N2O 通量的主要因子是土壤湿度.     

The Effects of Three Thermo Electric Power Plants on Yerkesik-Denizova Forests in Mugla Province (Turkey)

Mugla is a city that is located in the southwest part of Turkey. Three thermo-electric power plants called Yatagan (3 × 210 MW) and Yenikoy (2 × 210 MW)and Kemerkoy (Gokova, 3 × 210 MW) havebeen constructed in this region and also have begun operation in 1982 – 1983 – 1984 (three units), in 1988 and in 1995, respectively. The Pinus brutia forests in Yerkesik–Denizova region have been under the common effects of Yenikoy and Yatagan thermo-electric power plants. Therefore, these Pinus brutia forests have startedto dry in groups since 1988. In addition, Kemerkoy thermo-electric power plant, began operation in 1995.Polluting gases arrived in Denizova-Yerkesik throughKoca Stream Valley Forests.Increasing quantities of polluting gases and especially SO₂ have dried the trees in large amounts in this 1650 ha forestland area. YataganThermo-electric power plant has caused drying of Pinus brutia in Bencik Mountain, which was on the south in 1984–1985. The same phenomenon was seen in Denizova-Yerkesik Forest in 1999–2000. It was observed that sulphur content was varying between 4218–6676 ppm at the Pinus brutia needle samples taken in this region on 16 December 2000. Sulphur contents were correlated with the age of needle (1–2 yr old), density of yellow stains on the needles and amount of drying needles. Particularly in 1996–2000 period, the destruction of chlorophyll in needles due to the impacts of SO₂ was also correlated with narrowing of the annual rings from one year to another. The narrowing ratio of yearly rings reached 60–504% for 94–95 yr old, and 375–661% for 58–63 yr old Pinus brutia trees during the 1986–1990, 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 periods.All these results clearly showed that the decrease in the chlorophyll content in needles under the effect of air pollution caused important reduction in the raw timber production and its inputs to the economy. In other words, drying due to increased ecological sensitivity or direct hazard of pollutants emitted by the power plants and cutting of trees have been notably increased in the region. This has created serious economic losses.     

污泥脱水机械的选择讨论

CaSO4沉淀污泥的脱水因化学性质的特殊性，在脱水机械的选用上应考虑一些影响其脱水的因素，对部分影响因素作一些探讨。     

Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications.     

洗涤剂富磷污染及其对策

介绍了国内湖海水域富磷污染的现状,指出含磷洗涤剂的使用是造成富磷污染的主要原因,提出了解决富磷污染的对策及适合中国国情的洗涤剂发展方向。     

不同工况耦合生物反应器处理低C/N比生活污水试验

在全程好氧工况或低氧+厌氧+好氧工况下,采用耦合生物反应器处理低CN生活污水和污泥减量的试验结果表明:在进水CODCr负荷0.80～1.20kg(m3·d)、NH+4N浓度70～90mgL、TN浓度75～110mgL、HRT=8h、温度约25℃条件下,CODCr和NH4N去除率均可达85%和90%以上;采用低氧+厌氧+好氧工况较全程好氧工况具有更高的TN去除率和更低的污泥产率,其TN去除率高达81.1%,污泥产率为0.065kgkg。     

化学需氧量半微量烘箱测定方法的研究

介绍了污水和工业废水中化学需氧量(COD)的半微量烘箱测定方法。该法与经典回流法比较,具有节省水电、省时、省药品等特点。用Ag2SO4-MnSO4作催化剂,HgSO4用量少,减少了汞盐的二次污染。具有较好的精密度和准确度,适用于大批量的水样的测定,有良好的推广价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的低分子醛酮类化合物

通过对吸烟机接口的改装,应用酸化的2,4-二硝基苯肼的乙腈溶液作为吸收液,对主流烟气中的甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙醛、丙烯醛、丁醛、丁烯醛、丁酮进行衍生化,形成相应的苯腙,采用紫外检测器在波长为360nm处进行检测,方法的最小检测限在0.54-1.65ng·μl-1之间,样品中被检测物的RSD值在6.22%-12.34%(n=6)之间.     

氮输入对沼泽湿地碳平衡的影响

以小叶章沼泽化草甸为对象,利用静态箱-气相色谱法,在三江平原进行野外原位试验,研究氮输入对沼泽湿地碳平衡及其各分量的影响.氮素输入后,沼泽湿地生态系统总初级生产力提高,生物量增大,分别比对照处理增加了10%和26.8%.同时,CH₄和生态系统呼吸CO₂排放量提高,而生态系统CO₂净交换(NEE)和净碳(CO₂和CH₄都转化成对应的碳)交换降低,CO₂、CH₄和NEE的季节变化动态未改变.2004年整个生长季氮输入处理的CO₂和CH₄排放量分别比对照处理升高了34%和145%,NEE和净碳交换分别降低了70%和81.6%,但整个生长季2个处理仍然表现为碳的净吸收.氮输入没有改变沼泽湿地碳“汇”的功能,只是减弱了其作为碳“汇”的功能.