Are Nitrogen-Fertilized Forest Soils Sinks or Sources of Carbon?

We developed a simple conceptual model that tracks nitrogen and carbon jointly through an N fertilized forest ecosystem. The stimulation of growth increases the litterfall and imports substrate for soil microorganisms. Microbial biomass forms according to the supply of C and N. The formation of microbial biomass is accompanied by respiratory C losses. The quantity of CO₂ efflux depends on the C use efficiency of microbes. When excess N is available, the microbial activity is accelerated and the demand for substrate is high. Litterfall supplies an insufficient amount of C to the soil. In such a case, labile soil C is mineralized and the net effect of N fertilization is a loss of soil C. A strong N fertilization effect on the aboveground biomass can offset the soil C loss. In the case of a low N dosage or high N losses due to leaching or emission of nitrogen oxides, the soil C loss is small. The conceptual model was applied to a case study. The field data, collected over a time span of several decades, could not support sound conclusions on the temporal trend of soil C because the spatial and temporal variability of the chemical data was high. The conceptual model allowed to give an evaluation of the fertilization effect on soil C based on reproducible principles.     

Deterioration of water quality of Surma river

Surma River is polluted day by day by human activities, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, discharging industrial and household wastes. The charas (natural channels) are responsible for surface runoff conveyance from its urban catchments to the receiving Surma River. Water samples have been collected from a part of Surma River along different points and analyzed for various water quality parameters during dry and monsoon periods. Effects of industrial wastes, municipal sewage, and agricultural runoff on river water quality have been investigated. The study was conducted within the Chattak to Sunamganj portion of Surma River, which is significant due to the presence of two major industries – a paper mill and a cement factory. The other significant feature is the conveyors that travel from India to Chattak. The river was found to be highly turbid in the monsoon season. But BOD and fecal coliform concentration was found higher in the dry season. The water was found slightly acidic. The mean values of parameters were Conductivity 84–805 μs; DO: dry-5.52 mg/l, monsoon-5.72 mg/l; BOD: dry-1mg/l, monsoon-0.878 mg/l; Total Solid: dry-149.4 mg/l, monsoon-145.7 mg/l. In this study, an effort has been taken to investigate the status of concentration of phosphate (PO⁻⁴) and ammonia–nitrogen (NH₄–N) at four entrance points of Malnichara to the city, Guali chara, Gaviar khal and Bolramer khal. Data has been collected from March–April and September–October of 2004. Concentrations have been measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Although the phosphate concentration has been found within the limit set by DOE for fishing, irrigation and recreational purposes, however ammonia–nitrogen has been found to exceed the limit.     

两种消解法测定沉积物总磷的对比

通过过硫酸钾消解法与HClO₄-H₂SO₄消解法对土壤和水系沉积物的标准物质,以及三峡水库沉积物未知样品中的总磷含量进行测定,并对检测结果进行对比,分析过硫酸钾消解法测定沉积物总磷的可行性。结果表明,在标准样品中,HClO₄-H₂SO₄消解法的检测结果是标准值的83%~100%,并且所有结果均在其不确定度范围之内;过硫酸钾消解法的检测结果仅达到标准值的19%~42%,超出其不确定度范围,不能作为有效数据。在未知样品中,过硫酸钾消解法检测结果也远低于HClO₄-H₂SO₄消解法检测结果,只达到后者的32%~52%。由此可见,过硫酸钾消解法测定沉积物或土壤中总磷,仍需要进一步的研究,以达到符合实际的检测结果。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工业废气和废水中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺

采用HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱、气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器测定工业废气和废水中的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,可能共存的丙酮、乙醇和乙酰丙酮均对测试无干扰.方法在0.939 mg/L～75.1 mg/L范围内线性良好,对工业废水、无组织排放工业废气和有组织排放工业废气中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的检出限分别为0.47 mg/L、0.16 mg/m3和0.31 mg/m3,标准溶液平行测定的RSD为1.9％ ～2.2％,废水样品加标回收率为94％～ 97％.     

Assessment of a General Finite Line Source Model and CALINE4 for Vehicular Pollution Prediction in Ireland

A comparative evaluation of two Gaussian-based line source models namely, California line source dispersion model version 4 and the general finite line source model, is presented. The concentrations predicted by these models are compared with background-corrected ambient concentrations measured at three different distances from a motorway and performance of both models assessed in the context of integrated transport–environment modelling for regulatory purposes.     

HDNPTT与镉显色反应的研究

应用合成的新试剂 1- (2 -羟基 - 3 ,5 -二硝基苯 ) - 3 - (4 -苯基 - 2 -噻唑 ) -三氮烯 (HDNPTT) ,研究了在表面活性剂TritonX - 10 0存在下 ,它与Cd2 的显色反应。结果表明 ,在 pH 8 0～ 10 0范围内 ,Cd2 与该试剂形成的配合物 ,其最大吸收峰位于 5 35nm处 ,摩尔吸光系数为 1 89× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1。Cd2 在 0mg/L～ 0 32mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。此法用于环境水样和人发样品中微量镉的测定 ,结果满意。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-二乙氨基苯甲酸光度法测定镍的研究

合成了新试剂 2 -( 2 -喹啉偶氮 ) -4 -二乙氨基苯甲酸 ( QADEABA) ,并研究了其与镍的显色反应 ,在 p H=8.0的硼酸 -磷酸二氢钾缓冲介质中 ,吐温 -80存在下 ,QADEABA与镍反应生成 2∶ 1稳定络合物 ,λmax=5 90 nm ,ε=1 .1 8× 1 0 5L· mol-1· cm-1。镍含量在 0～ 0 .4 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,方法用于水样中镍含量的测定 ,结果令人满意     

均相催化强化US/FCME协同体系降解硝基苯

考察了NaCl、AlCl3、Na2SiO3、CuSO44种均相催化剂对超声波(US)/铁炭微电解(FCME)协同体系降解硝基苯的催化效果,结果表明,CuSO4的催化效果最好,在体系反应液初始pH为3.0,混合填料投加量为5.0 g/L(铁炭质量比为1∶1),CuSO4投加量为800 mg/L时,体系对硝基苯的降解率达到99.2%,但溶液COD值仅下降了24.6%,矿化效果一般,红外光谱分析表明降解体系的主要中间产物为苯胺。     

草酸钾活化法制备榴莲壳活性炭及其表征

以榴莲壳为原料,选择K2C2O4为活化剂,在自制氛围气中进行化学活化制备活性炭。考察了活化剂/原料浸渍比、活化温度与活化时间对活性炭的碘和亚甲基蓝吸附值及得率的影响。结果表明,制备榴莲壳活性炭的理想条件为:活化剂/原料浸渍比1.5∶1、活化温度800℃和活化时间120 min;此时活性炭的SBET(BET比表面积)、总孔容和微孔孔容分别为1 195 m2/g、0.60 cm3/g和0.41 cm3/g。利用比表面和孔隙度分析仪、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)对活性炭的孔结构特征、微观形貌和表面官能团进行了表征。FE-SEM观测结果显示榴莲壳活性炭孔隙结构发达,且含有丰富的中孔。     

临安区域本底站大气甲烷浓度变化特征

通过分析2006年8月～2009年7月临安区域大气本底站Flask瓶采样获得的CH4浓度特征,结合地面风向、后向轨迹、排放清单,研究了CH4浓度变化特征和长三角地区排放源对CH4浓度的影响作用。结果表明,临安区域大气本底站的CH4浓度分布在1 7584×10-9~1 9700×10-9,具有较明显的季节波动变化特征,浓度季节变化幅度为737×10-9;CH4浓度平均年增幅达176×10-9,增速较快。东北风和东南风时,CH4浓度较高;西南风时CH4浓度较低。导致CH4高浓度分布的气团主要来自临安站的东北、偏东方向;导致CH4低浓度分布的气团集中在西南 偏南