Hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(Dimethylamino)Benzylidene)-5-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene) Thiocarbohydrazone in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiocarbohydrazone, a novel isatin derivative against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatic damage was induced by administration of CCl₄ (1 ml/kg, b.w., p.o.) in combination with liquid paraffin (1:1) as a single dose. The hepatotoxic rats were treated with test compound at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg for three days and liver damage biomarkers, including activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of total serum bilirubin (TB) measured in blood samples. Results demonstrated that treatment with test compound at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg to hepatotoxic rats produced a significant dose-dependent reduction of elevated SGOT, SGPT, ALP activities and TB levels indicating a hepatoprotective effect that was confirmed by histopathological examination of liver tissues. The study results confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiocarbohydrazone in rats.     

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of 3, 4-annelated coumarin-pyrimido-pyrimidine systems

3,4-Annelated coumarin-pyrimido-pyrimidine systems (7-imino-8-mercapto-7H-5-oxa-7a,9,12-triaza-benzo[a]anthracen-6-one 2 and 8-hydroxy-7-imino-10-methyl-7H-5-oxa-7a,9,12-triaza-benzo[a]anthracen-6-one 3) were synthesized by the action of 4-amino-2-mercapto-pyrimidine, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine, respectively, on 4-chlorocoumarin-3-carbonitrile 1. The synthesized compounds were examined for in vitro antibacterial activity against 4 bacterial cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Aeromonas Salmonicida. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds 2 and 3 was compared to antibacterial activity of novobiocin as a standard drug.     

A Comparison of the Short-Term Dynamics of Soil “Damage” Due to Enhanced Nitrogen Deposition As Ammonium Sulphate Or Nitric Acid

An experiment has been conducted to contrast the effects of enhanced oxidised and reduced nitrogen deposition upon key chemical parameters in a Calluna moorland podzol. A 40 cm deep podzol profile, derived from granite, was reconstructed in one hundred 4.2 cm diameter cores. for 20 weeks, the cores were subjected twice weekly to simulated rainfall containing either twice ambient nitrogen deposition in Aberdeen, or further enhanced nitrogen (further 2- and 6-fold increases) as nitric acid or ammonium sulphate. to quantify the dynamics of soil change in each horizon, randomly selected cores were destructively analysed every two weeks and the soils analysed. Increased nitrogen inputs, regardless of form, substantially and immediately reduced surface soil pH_water via the mobile anion or salt effect. for the higher nitrogen treatments, the pH reduction was seen throughout the profile. Longer term soil acidification was also seen in the pH_{calcium chloride} results over the 20 weeks. at a given nitrogen deposition rate, the effects of ammonium sulphate and nitric acid on soil pH_{calcium chloride} were similar. the ammonium sulphate treatments were especially effective at reducing base saturation throughout much of the profile, the direct base cation leaching being associated with substantial ammonium accumulation. the results suggest that the direct base cation leaching caused by ammonium deposition needs to be considered when assessing atmospheric pollution “damage” to heathland soils.     

Methodological approach for metal pollution evaluation in sediments collected from the Taranto Gulf

The concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, V, and Sn were determined in marine sediments collected from Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). The aim of this article is to study the methodological approach in order to evaluate total metal levels determined in marine sediments of a contaminated area (Taranto Gulf, Southern Italy), to identify contaminated areas and to predict adverse biological effects based on Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results are discussed in relation to geological characteristics of sediments in order to define background levels and anthropogenic input. Experimental results were elaborated by multivariate statistical techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The geoaccumulation index I _geo and two sets of SQGs (in particular (a) the threshold effect level (TEL), the probable effect level (PEL) and (b) the effect range-low (ERL) and the effect range median (ERM)) have been used for environmental evaluation of metal concentrations. Results show that in Taranto coastal area, Mar Piccolo basin represents the most contaminated area. A comparison with results from other Mediterranean areas demonstrates that for some metals (such as Cd, Pb, and Hg) Taranto seas represent one of the most polluted areas in the Mediterranean Sea. A comparison of metal levels with SQGs also suggests an ecotoxicological risk for benthic organisms mainly in the first inlet of Mar Piccolo.     

响应面法优化O_3/H_2O_2/UV工艺降解1,2,4-三氯苯

研究了O3/H2O2/UV臭氧光催化工艺对水中TCB的降解效果,考察了TCB初始浓度、O3转化率、H2O2投加量及pH值对TCB降解效果的影响及其动力学分析,并通过响应面分析法对实验条件进行了优化组合.结果表明,O3/H2O2/UV对TCB的降解均遵循准一级反应动力学,其中条件优化组合后的反应动力学方程为y=0.0219x-0.0127,准一级反应速率常数为0.0219 min-1,所得线性相关系数为0.983.响应面分析结果表明,在TCB初始浓度0.3 mg.L-1、pH=10.1、H2O2投加量0.33 mmol.L-1、O3转化率99.75%的最优工艺组合条件下,TCB的3次平均去除率为94.2%,与预测值95.0%吻合度较高.     

D201树脂对双组分萘系化合物的吸附分离

用D201强碱性阴离子交换树脂自双组分水溶液中选择吸附分离1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸(1,2,4-酸)和2-萘酚,考察了溶液pH值、浓度、温度、树脂床高及流速等因素对吸附和分离系数的影响.结果表明,在pH 3—6时,树脂对1,2,4-酸有较高的吸附量及吸附选择性,利于1,2,4-酸与2-萘酚的选择性吸附分离.温度对吸附的影响较小,等温吸附规律符合Freundlich模型.动态吸附表明,至1,2,4-酸的泄漏点时,吸附流出液中几乎只含2-萘酚,1,2,4-酸被吸附于树脂上.随着树脂床层的增长或初始浓度和流速的减小,都使泄漏点推迟及分离系数提高.载酚酸的树脂柱可用15%质量比的NH4Cl和20%体积比的乙醇混合液定量洗脱1,2,4-酸.     

缓释氮肥对菊芋生长季土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响

设置尿素+硝化抑制剂(U+DCD)、尿素+脲酶抑制剂(U+HQ)、脲甲醛(UF)、钙镁磷肥包膜尿素(CM-CU)、树脂包膜尿素(PCU)、硫包尿素(SCU)6种缓释氮肥处理以及普通尿素(U)处理,在江苏大丰进行小区试验,采用静态箱-气相色谱法同步观测沿海滩涂能源植物——菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)生长季土壤的CH4和N2O排放通量及其减排潜力。结果表明,在2010年整个菊芋生长季,U、PCU、UF、SCU、CMCU、U+HQ和U+DCD处理土壤CH4排放总量依次为1.25、0.59、0.43、0.27、0.25、0.26和-0.21 kg.hm-2。与普通尿素处理相比,除U+DCD处理外,其余施用缓释氮肥处理可使CH4排放量减少53%～80%。生长季PCU、SCU、CMCU、U、UF、U+HQ和U+DCD处理的N2O排放总量分别为2.94、2.44、2.27、2.24、1.77、1.47和1.34 kg.hm-2。与普通尿素处理相比,施用化学型缓释氮肥(U+DCD、U+HQ和UF处理)使N2O排放量减少21%～40%,而施用物理型缓释氮肥(CM-CU、PCU和SCU处理)则使N2O排放量增加1%～31%。从全球增温潜势看,各化学型缓释氮肥处理均表现出显著的减排效果。     

镍对栅藻深度处理生活污水的影响研究

将栅藻包埋固定在海藻酸钙凝胶珠中,对人工污水进行深度净化,研究其在不同质量浓度Ni2+条件下对污水中氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率,以及净化过程中藻类叶绿素a质量浓度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化和去污过程中藻细胞富集Ni2+的情况。结果表明,低质量浓度Ni2+可引起藻细胞应激性反应,光合活性提高,解毒机制增强,未影响氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率;高质量浓度Ni2+会造成藻细胞伤害,光合活性减弱,POD活性下降,氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率减小。Ni2+对栅藻深度处理生活污水影响程度依据其在水体中的质量浓度。     

污水排放预测的多因素灰色模型GM(1,N)及其应用

在分析污水排放数据处理的现状后,运用灰色系统理论,通过优化模型系数与背景取值,建立了多因素灰色GM(1,N)模型。该模型克服了现有GM(1,N)模型的不足,扩宽了GM(1,N)模型的应用范围．具有精度高、使用简便等特点。GM(1,2)计算实例表明,该模型简单实用,值得在污水排放预测中推广应用。     

Co-BiVO4薄膜电极光电处理Pb/Cu-EDTA研究

采用非晶态配合物法及浸渍提拉法在导电玻璃基底上制备了Co-BiVO4薄膜电极,并采用此电极进行了光电处理重金属络合物研究.通过X射线衍射对电极的晶体结构进行了表征,发现薄膜中Co-BiVO4为单斜晶晶型.Co-BiVO4电极降解Pb-EDTA实验中,在1.5 V、反应时间120 min时,光电催化氧化和电化学作用对Pb-EDTA的降解率分别为75%和65%,Pb的回收率分别为70%与35%;光催化作用基本没有效果.破络合后的Pb2+主要以Pb(II)的形式附着在阳极上.Co-BiVO4电极降解Cu-EDTA实验中,在2.5 V、反应时间120 min时,光电催化氧化与电化学作用对Cu-EDTA的降解率分别为70%与50%,Cu的回收率分别为70%与50%;绝大部分游离态的Cu2+在阴极得电子形成Cu单质.