染化废水厌氧生物处理技术的研究

鉴于厌氧微生物对偶氮染料的还原裂解作用，开发了以易降解工业有机废水作为外加碳源的染化废水厌氧生物处理的新技术．试验结果表明：在进水ＣＯＤ３１００—３５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ总／ＣＯＤ染化比值４０，ＨＲＴ３．０ｄ下，ＣＯＤ去除率＞８０％，最低染化ＣＯＤ去除率＞４５％，色度去除率＞８５％；实验证实，在厌氧处理过程中，染料组分的结构已发生了明显的变化；反应器内的污泥大多呈颗粒状；污泥活性和工艺性能可控制工艺运行参数得以维持．     

含硫污水系统耐蚀材料的筛选与应用

针对西北地区一综合炼油厂含硫污水管线的严重腐蚀问题，分析了腐蚀原因，确立了材料筛选方案，通过实验室静态挂片试验绘制了重量损失率变化曲线和现场挂片等试验手段，筛选推荐出了树脂玻璃钢耐蚀材料。工业生产应用结果表明，MFE-2型树脂玻璃钢是适用于该厂含硫污水系统的耐蚀材料，为类似装置的长周期运行提供了借鉴和经验。     

Fenton试剂处理酸性染料废水的研究

采用Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂处理酸性染料废水，在ｐＨ＝３，〔ＦｅＳＯ４〕＝４０ｍｇ／Ｌ，〔Ｈ２Ｏ２〕＝８００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，酸性媒介漂蓝废水的色度及ＣＯＤ去除率分别达９８．６％和８０．１％。     

改进型活性炭吸附法去除污水生化处理过程中的恶臭

采用二级生化处理工艺的生活污水处理系统,在运转一段时间后会产生氨气、硫化氢等有刺激性的气体,对环境造成污染。在臭气的各种处理方法中,改进型活性炭吸附法对污水生化处理过程中产生的氨气和硫化氢气体的去除有特别显著、持久的效果,有望推广应用到更多的实际处理过程。阐述了改进型活性炭吸附法的工艺、材料特点和除湿装置作用。     

菌株HX5对多种染料的吸附作用

研究了HX5生长菌体对分属活性、酸性、碱性、直接和分散5大类的26种染料的吸附性能．结果表明，HX5生长菌体可在5h内完全吸附直接染料和分散染料，碱性染料在生长菌体上完全吸附脱色的时间为12h，其次是活性染料，最不易吸附的为酸性染料．染料在生长菌体上的吸附由染料分子的结构和性质所决定，直接染料分子呈线性平面结构、疏水性较强，易于吸附，完全吸附脱色的时间为5h；分散性染料水溶性较差，在静电力的诱导之下即可在较短时间内完全吸附脱色；碱性染料分子带正电，与带负电荷的菌丝球表面异性电荷相吸从而发生吸附脱色；活性染料分子中的氨基质子化后与菌丝球表面相互吸引，氨基质子化的程度越高，吸附效果也就越好；酸性染料分子中氨基质子化程度受到结构本身的限制，以及不存在带正电荷的基团，因而吸附效果最差．     

活性焦的改性及其脱硫性能的研究

以褐煤为主要原料制备的活性焦 ,经过改性后的一系列特性及脱硫效果 ,与纯活性焦进行了比较 ,是一种机械性能好、脱硫效率高、易再生的改性活性焦。为烟气脱硫提供一种新的吸附剂     

酵母菌T-2对蒽醌染料的脱色研究

从温州市上桥一家染料厂的污泥中筛选分离到一株染料脱色优势酵母菌T 2。经初步鉴定为红酵母属 (RhodotorulaHarri sonsp .)。并研究了该菌在不同温度、pH、培养时间、染料浓度、接种量等条件下对染料脱色的情况。同时 ,还研究了不同碳源、氮源等营养条件下对活性艳蓝KN R脱色的情况。实验结果表明 :在 30℃～ 35℃温度范围内T 2菌对活性艳蓝KN R的脱色率为 89.9%～ 95.1 % ,最佳脱色温度为 35℃ ,pH值在 2 .0～ 7.0范围内T 2对活性艳蓝KN R的脱色率为 81 .7%～ 92 .6 % ,最佳脱色 pH为 3.0 ,碳源、氮源、接种量及染料浓度对其脱色率均有影响     

从含酸废水中回收醋酸的方法

介绍各种从含酸废水中回收醋酸的工艺，对萃取法和吸附法回收醋酸工艺的主要工艺过程、应用范围和效果进行比较。     

染料废水处理的工艺实验研究

采用中和 -电解 -臭氧氧化工艺首先对高浓度染料生产工艺废水进行预处理 ,再与低浓度废水混合混凝、吸附处理。经电解正交实验设计及工艺实验确定本研究工艺实验为 :废水pH中性、电解条件为电解时间 2h ,电解电压10V ,电流密度 0 0 18A cm2 、O3氧化时间 2h、混凝剂 1#、3#浓度均为 2 5 0mg L、炉渣吸附时间 30min。总脱色率与CODCr总去除率均达 99% ,可以达标排放     

Influence of no-tillage on the distribution and lability of phosphorus in Finnish clay soils

No-tillage (NT) is a method adopted to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (P) load from arable land to watercourses. However, it has been found to increase the loss of dissolved P with surface runoff, but the reasons for that have rarely been examined in detail. The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical factors explaining this response by investigating the impact of NT on the type and distribution of P reserves as well as on organic carbon (C) in the 0–35 cm topsoil layer of clay soil profiles (Vertic Cambisols). Soil samples were taken from two experimental fields (Jokioinen and Aurajoki) at 0–5, 5–20 and 20–35 cm depths in conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 4–5 years) plots. The plots had been cultivated and fertilized according to the common field practices in Finland (15–18 kg P and 100–128 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹).Inorganic and organic P reserves characterized by a modified Chang and Jackson fractionation procedure were not significantly affected by the cultivation methods. However, in the uppermost soil layer (0–5 cm) in NT of the Jokioinen field, the labile P determined by water extraction (P_w) increased significantly, whereas the increase in P extracted with acid ammonium acetate (P_AAC) remained statistically insignificant. The increase in labile P coincided with a significant increase in organic carbon (C), which supports the theory that competition between organic anions and phosphate for the same sorption sites on oxide surfaces will enhance the lability of soil P. In the Aurajoki field with distinct soil cracking, P_w and P_AAC were not affected by NT in the uppermost soil layer, but they increased in the deepest soil layer (20–35 cm) concomitantly with an increase in Al-bound P and organic C. However, the increases were not statistically significant. In both fields, soil acidification due to the repeated application of N fertilizers at a shallow soil depth as well as the accumulation of organic C lowered pH of the uppermost soil layer in NT compared to the deeper soil layers. The results indicated that even short-term NT can increase the labile P in clay soil. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term changes in lability of surface soil P and, consequently, the possible need for readjustment of the fertilization level in NT.