Experimental study of NO2 reduction in N2/Ar and O2/Ar mixtures by pulsed corona discharge

Non-thermal plasma technology has been regarded as a promising alternative technology for NOx removal. The understanding of NO2 reduction characteristics is extremely important since NO2 reduction could lower the total NO oxidation rate in the plasma atmosphere. In this study, NO2 reduction was experimentally investigated using a non-thermal plasma reactor driven by a pulsed power supply for different simulated gas compositions and operating parameters. The NO2 reduction was promoted by increasing the specific energy density （SED）, and the highest conversion rates were 33.7%, 42.1% and 25.7% for Ar, N2/Ar and O2/Ar, respectively. For a given SED, the NO2 conversion rate had the order N2/Ar 〉 Ar 〉 02/Ar. The highest energy yield of 3.31 g/kWh was obtained in N2/Ar plasma and decreased with increasing SED; the same trends were also found in the other two gas compositions. The conversion rate decreased with increasing initial NO2 concentration. Furthermore, the presence of N2 or O2 led to different reaction pathways for NO2 conversion due to the formation of different dominating reactive radicals.     

Sources of nitrous and nitric oxides in paddy soils：Nitrification and denitrification

Rice-paddies are regarded as one of the main agricultural sources of N 2O and NO emissions. To date, however, specific N2O and NO production pathways are poorly understood in paddy soils. ^15N-tracing experiments were carded out to investigate the processes responsible for N2O and NO production in two paddy soils with substantially different soil properties. Laboratory incubation experiments were carried out under aerobic conditions at moisture contents corresponding to 60% of water holding capacity. The relative importance of nitrification and denitrification to the flux of NaO was quantified by periodically measuring and comparing the enrichments of the N2O, NH~-N and NO3-N pools. The results showed that both N2O and NO emission rates in an alkaline paddy soil with clayey texture were substantially higher than those in a neutral paddy soil with silty loamy texture. In accordance with most published results, the ammonium N pool was the main source of N2O emission across the soil profiles of the two paddy soils, being responsible for 59.7% to 97.7% of total N2O emissions. The NO3-N pool of N2O emission was relatively less important under the given aerobic conditions. The rates of N2O emission from nitrification （N2On） among different soil layers were significantly different, which could be attributed to both the differences in gross N nitrification rates and to the ratios of nitrified N emitted as NzO among soil layers. Furthermore, NO fluxes were positively correlated with the changes in gross nitrification rates and the ratios of NO/N2O in the two paddy soils were always greater than one （from 1.26 to 6.47）. We therefore deduce that, similar to N2O, nitrification was also the dominant source of NO in the tested paddy soils at water contents below 60% water holding capacity.     

改性贵金属催化剂催化还原脱除NO

含有NO的工业废气直接排放会严重污染空气,须对含有NO的工业废气进行净化处理.采用NH3为还原剂贵金属铂催化剂进行了低温还原NO脱除烟气中氮氧化物性能的研究.结果表明:实验室制备的贵金属铂催化剂具有高的低温活性和选择性催化还原脱除NO的性能,但该催化剂易被原料气中少量的硫化物(SO₂)中毒而影响其稳定性;用稀土元素La和Ce对贵金属铂催化剂进行改性,改性后贵金属铂催化剂的稳定性得到了大幅度提高,出口气体中氮氧化物浓度大幅度降低.本实验Pt∶La∶Ce最佳摩尔比为1∶3.78∶3.56.     

无锡市机动车尾气污染及防治初探

以无锡市市区3种典型道路作为研究对象，通过对道路二侧呼吸带空气中CO、NOx、HC、Pb、TSP等污染物浓度的分析，评述道路交通污染特征和治理效果，从而提出了治理交通污染的对策与建议。     

非离子氨对NO-2-N作用于草鱼种毒性的影响

在(25±1)℃水温条件下,通过急性毒性实验,探讨非离子氨对NO-2-N作用于草鱼种毒性的影响.结果表明,在不加非离子氨时,N0-2N对草鱼种48 hrLC50和96 hrLC50值分别为6.76、5.99mg/L,而当非离子氨达0.8 mg/L,其值分别为3.54、2.41 mg/L.这说明非离子氨增强了NO-2-N对草鱼种的致死效应.     

酸性尿素水溶液处理导弹氧化剂废水中氮氧化物

采用理论分析和实验两种方法对酸性尿素水溶液处理导弹氧化剂废水中NOx进行了研究.讨论了NO2的转化率与尿素浓度的关系.实验证明,该方法快速高效,反应的适宜温度为30 C,用7%的尿素水溶液处理含NO2 9 41 9.8 mg/m3的废水,10 s的去除率可达99.5%.     

有机肥部分替代化肥对桃园N2O和NO排放的影响

有机肥替代作为一种减肥增效和多元化肥替代技术在农业生产中被大力推广.然而,目前尚缺乏对于有机肥在果园N₂ O和NO排放方面的影响综合评估.采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,周年观测桃园种植过程中N₂ O和NO的排放,比较了单施化肥和有机肥部分替代化肥处理对桃园氮氧化物排放的影响.结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥分别降低桃园N₂ O和NO排放总量15.0 %和9.4 %,同时 N₂ O和NO排放系数降低21.3 %和21.1 %.有机肥处理土壤的矿质氮含量低于单施化肥处理.有机肥处理提高了硝化作用中AOA的贡献,降低AOB的贡献,从而减少了硝化作用产生的N₂ O.此外,双同位素混合模型[δ¹⁸O（N₂ O/H₂ O）vs.δ¹⁵N^SP]结果表明,硝化细菌反硝化/细菌反硝化（bD/nD）是桃园土壤N₂ O排放的主要途径.施用有机肥增强了土壤反硝化作用,导致更多的N₂ O和NO被还原.因此,有机肥部分替代可以缓解果园氮氧化物排放,是实现农业绿色低碳的可行措施.     

液相络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中NO

提出了Fe2+螯合剂络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收回收法脱除烟气中NO的新工艺,重点研究了模拟烟气中O₂含量对NO络合量的影响,以及铁粉用量、铁粉粒径和搅拌速度对脱氮效率的影响,确定了最佳的铁粉脱氮工艺条件,并对铁粉和铁屑的脱氮效果进行了比较.结果表明:烟气中φ(O₂)从0增加到4.2%,NO络合量下降90.2%;脱氮效率随铁粉用量和反应器搅拌速度的增加而增加,随铁粉粒径的增加而降低;最佳工艺参数为,铁粉用量0.8 g,铁粉粒径≥200目(≤0.077 mm),搅拌速度900 r/min,在该条件下,对φ(O₂)为5%的模拟烟气在搅拌反应器中可取得90%以上的脱氮效率;用铁粉在1台搅拌反应器中取得的脱氮效率和用铁屑在2个鼓泡反应器串联时所取得的效率相当.      

Effect of flue gas recirculation on nitric oxide (NO) emissions during the coal grate-fired process

Flue gas recirculation (FGR) is a low nitrogen oxide (NO_X) combustion technology. The present study used standard gas to simulate the cycle gas (the main ingredients of which are oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂)). The coal grate-fired process was divided into three zones, namely (1) volatilization zone, (2) main combustion zone, and (3) char combustion and burn-out zone. The effects of FGR on coal combustion and NO emissions were investigated in these zones of a unit-boiler experimental system. An industrial test was then conducted on a chain boiler that previously used FGR. Data showed that if the cycle gas was directed into the furnace from the volatilization zone, the curve of the coal surface temperature moved backwards, the temperature peak increased, and coal ignition was delayed. When the FGR rate was 20%, NO emissions/g coal was 41.8% less than in the absence of FGR, in the overall combustion process except for the volatilization zone. An industrial test demonstrated that FGR decreased the NO emissions and incomplete-combustion loss of gas. NO and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced by 26.9 and 38%, respectively. These observations may prove to be beneficial in reducing ambient air pollution and saving energy.     

燃料NO生成的总包反应速率

基于全面化学反应体系,对燃料ＮＯ的反应特性进行了详细的数值计算和理论分析,指出了目前应用较多的ＤｅＳｏｅｔｅＮＯ总反应模型的不足,同时,通过引入燃料氮氧化过程中关联组分Ｏ与ＯＨ离子的浓度和,用多元回归的方法得到了燃料ＮＯ生成的总包反应速率表达式。