珠江河口水体的二氧化碳

本文根据1987年2月至1988年2月每月一次的调查资料,通过测定pH和碱度计算了珠江河口二氧化碳各分量,讨论了ΣCO_2,溶解CO_2与盐度、温度,叶绿素-a 和溶解氧饱和度的关系。     

碳源与底物对不同层次土壤产生N2O能力的影响

底层土壤的反硝化作用是土壤排放N_2O的重要来源,同时也是影响浅层地下水硝酸盐含量的重要因素.通过一系列室内培养试验.研究了一种农用土壤不同土层在碳源和NO_3含量不同情况下产生N_2O的能力。结果表明,试验用土壤的不同土层均具有进行反硝化作用产生N_2O的能力.底层土壤产生N_2O的能力大于根区土壤:单独添加葡萄糖、NO_3或同时添加葡萄糖和NO_3.对土壤N_2O和CO_2释放的影响与土壤层次和观测时间有关;向土壤添加葡萄糖和NO_3,各个土层释放N_2O的能力均显著提高;从产生N_2O和CO_2能力的角度而言,不同层次土壤的微生物区系间存在较大差异。采用短期(24h之内)饱和泥浆好气培养法,可以区分土壤微生物区系在产生N_2O方面的差异。     

[CO2]和温度增加的相互作用对植物生长的影响

ＣＯ2 和温度是影响植物生长、发育和功能的两个关键因子 .在过去一个世纪中 ,[ＣＯ2 ]从 2 80 μｍｏｌ/ｍｏｌ增加到 36 0μｍｏｌ/ｍｏｌ且每年增长速率为 1～ 5 μｍｏｌ/ｍｏｌ,到 2 0世纪末达到更高的浓度[1] .最近的模型预测表明 ,到 2 10 0年 ,全球表面温度可能会增加 1～ 4 .5℃ [2 \〗.ＣＯ2 是光合作用的底物 ,而且还是初级代谢过程 (气孔反应和光合作用 )、光合同化物分配和生长的调节者 .温度几乎影响植物所有的生物学过程 .因此 ,在全球气候变化要素中 ,大气 [ＣＯ2 ]和温度升高对植物的生理过程和生物量及产量具有极为重要的…     

低温对日本沼虾耗氧率、排氨率和Na+/K+ ATPase比活力的影响

在低温和室温条件下，测定了两种规格日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponens)的耗氧率、排氨率和Na^ ／K^ ATPase比活力．结果表明，低温条件下日本沼虾的耗氧率和排氨率均低于室温，且与体重呈负相关；而Na^ ／K^ ATPase比活力高于室温，且与体重呈正相关．表4参21     

城市垃圾焚烧主要工艺段捕集灰中二噁英的分布特征

采用同位素稀释法、高分辨气相色谱/质谱检测垃圾焚烧主要工艺段捕集灰中的二英.垃圾焚烧炉预热器、过热器和布袋除尘器捕集灰中二英(PCDD/Fs)的浓度分别为1025ng·g-1,1249ng·g-1和4670ng·g-1,毒性当量(ITEQ)为0073ng·g-1,0026ng·g-1和811ng·g-1.同时,分析了不同氯原子数取代的二英同系物在预热器、过热器、布袋除尘器捕集灰中的变化和对ITEQ值的贡献.     

Hydroquinones from defensive secretion of a giant Pacific millipede, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acladocricus setigerus</Emphasis> (Diplopoda: Spirobolida)

Summary. The presence of considerable quantities of hydroquinones including hydroquinone, 2-methylhydroquinone, 2,3- dimethoxyhydroquinone, 2-methoxy-3-methylhydroquinone, and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylhydroquinone renders the defensive secretion of Acladocricus setigerus (Silvestri, 1897) significantly different from that of other quinone-producing millipedes. In addition, two hitherto undescribed compounds, namely, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylhydroquinone and 2-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, were characterized from the defensive secretion. However, it is uncertain if the latter compound is formed after the release of the secretion. The two major compounds, 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, constitute about 75% of the defensive fluid. Furthermore, hydrocarbons, which are typically present in the secretions of most other arthropods that use benzoquinones as repellents, are notably absent in the secretion of A. setigerus.     

Photocatalytic degradation of chlorophenols using Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /S2O 8 2−

Advanced oxidation processes, such as photocatalysed oxidation, provide an important route for degradation of wastes. In this study, the lowest excited state (³MLCT) of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ is used to break down chlorophenol pollutant molecules to harmless products. This has the advantage of using visible light and a short-lived catalytically active species. Photolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions of a variety of mono- and poly-substituted chlorophenols has been followed in the presence of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/S₂O₈²⁻ with near visible light (λ > 350 nm) by UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, luminescence, potentiometry, NMR and HPLC techniques. Upon irradiation, a decrease is observed in the chlorophenol concentration, accompanied by the formation of Cl⁻, H⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions as the main inorganic products. Benzoquinone, phenol, dihydroxybenzenes and chlorinated compounds were the dominant organic products. As the ruthenium(II) complex is regenerated in the reaction, the scheme corresponds to an overall catalytic process. The kinetics of the rapid chlorophenol photodechlorination has been studied, and are described quite well by pseudo-first order behaviour. Further studies on this were made by following Cl⁻ release with respect to the initial Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ and S₂O₈²⁻ concentrations. A comparison is presented of the photodechlorination reactivity of the mono and polychlorophenols studied at acidic and alkaline pH.     

农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测

农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性，有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关；正辛醇／水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。     

含TOA微胶囊对Cr2O7^2—萃取的研究

用乙基纤维素作膜材将三辛胺（简称ＴＯＡ）微胶囊化，用于萃取酸性水溶液中的Ｃｒ２Ｏ７＾２－离子。通过搅拌法萃取实验表明，ＴＯＡ被微胶囊化后对铬离子仍具有较高的萃取速度，实验测定渗透系数为６．７８×１０＾－６ｍ／ｍｉｎ，并能有效地防止乳化现象。将微胶囊制备成填充柱对Ｃｒ２Ｏ７＾２－进行萃取实验。对外相水的流速、微胶囊粒径、柱的重复使用次数与萃取容量的关系进行了研究。当粒径为１００－２００μｍ，流速为３     

Terpenes and phenolics in response to nitrogen fertilization: A test of the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis

Nitrogen fertilization resulted in a linear increase in the growth ofAbies grandis seedlings, but linear decrease in foliage concentrations of phenolic compounds. These data are consistent with the inverse relationship between growth and production of carbonbased secondary chemicals predicted by the carbon/nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. However, in contrast to predictions of the CNB hypothesis, nitrogen fertilization had no effect on foliage terpene concentrations. The results suggest that not all carbon-based chemicals respond in the same manner to environmental variation, and that the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis does not adequately explain all patterns of environmentally-induced variation in secondary metabolism.