仪化废水中乙醛污染的调查

通过对中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司（以下简称仪化公司）排放废水中乙醛污染的调查，表明仪化公司排放的含乙醛废水主要产生于聚酯生产过程中的工艺废水，喷淋废水，冲洗地面和其他跑、冒、滴、漏的废水（“清下水”）。1996年－2000年污水处理场日排放含乙醛废水约5.66万t，日排放含乙醛的“清下水”约3万t。排放的乙醛在长江仪征段未检出，在沿山河和胥浦河水中有不同程度的检出和超标，超标率分别为50％和9.1%，最大超标倍数分别为8.88倍和0.14倍。对长江仪征段乙醛污染的影响预测结果为：污水处理场在非正常处理情况下（即直排），其排放的废水将在排污口周围形成长1250m，宽200m的污染带，污染面积为25万m^2。     

Cs,Co and K uptake by lettuce plants in two distributions of soil contamination

¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co, two of the radionuclides more representative of discharges from nuclear facilities, are of interest for radiological protections because of their great mobility in biosphere and affinity with biological systems. The aim of the present work is the investigation of the possible influence of the vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co in soil upon their uptake by lettuce as function of plant's growth. An experiment ad hoc has been carried out in field conditions. The results show that (i) the transfer of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co from soil to lettuce is independent by their distribution in soil, (ii) the soil–plant transfer factors of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co show a similar trend vs. growth stage, (iii) the ⁴⁰K transfer factor trend is different from those of anthropogenic radionuclides, and (iv) ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co specific activities are about 1 Bq/kg, in the mature vegetable with soil activity from 9 to 21 kBq/m².     

Thermal neutron fluence from ultra low-level γ-ray spectrometry of spoons activated during the JCO criticality accident at Tokai-mura in 1999

During the JCO-accident in Tokai-mura in 1999, the surrounding village was irradiated by an uncontrolled neutron flux. At some locations in that village, the thermal neutron flux was determined retrospectively by measurement of the very low activity of ⁵¹Cr and ⁶⁰Co in stainless-steel spoons using γ-ray spectrometry in underground laboratories. Activities determined in the HADES underground facility are presented here, together with calibrations performed using a well-defined thermal neutron flux to directly estimate the fluence of thermal neutrons independent of most assumptions. The results show measurable ⁵¹Cr in three samples and ⁶⁰Co in four samples taken from locations at distances of up to 430 m from the accident location despite the elapse of 4 half-lives of ⁵¹Cr before measurement. Effects of air transport of the samples were considered and shown to be negligible.     

关于台州齐合天地金属有限公司的调查报告

台州齐合天地金属有限公司是全国资源再生的典型,他们不仅通过解决二次污染、技术升级、延伸产业链等,在发展循环经济方面做出了较大的成绩,而且也体现出对员工的人文关怀和回馈社会。但社会上仍存在不重视循环经济、废旧家电回收不规范、缺少远景规划和扶持力度不够、园区容量小、法律建设滞后等问题。要解决上述问题应加强循环经济相关法律、法规和政策的制定;开展宣传教育,营造良好氛围;搞好远景规划,提高扶持力度：加强行业协会作用。     

钢渣深处理技术

以昆钢本部及红钢所产的转炉钢渣作为研究对象,研究热泼钢渣的矿物组成,分析钢渣中有价金属的组成,确定不同的粒级、不同的磁场强度,采用干式磁选与湿式磁选相结合的“一段闭路破碎,磁滑轮磁选;一段开路磨矿,一粗一精选别”深度处理流程,应用于红钢钢渣磁选车间及昆钢钢渣磁选厂,获得良好的磁选指标。分析了项目实施过程中渣浆输送断流的原因,找出解决办法。总结了项目产生的效益。     

Co在某极低放废物填埋场土壤中的迁移行为初步研究

选择某拟建填埋场土壤为研究对象,研究Co在土壤中的静态分配试验和动态迁移,以评价场址的安全性。结果表明:初始质量浓度为5 mg/L时,Co的Kd值为753 mL/g,土壤对Co的吸附模式符合Freundlich模式;核素初始质量浓度的升高导致静态试验Kd值增大;静态试验与动态试验的相互印证说明,可以通过动态试验较好地预测核素在极低放填埋场中的迁移速度;Co在该土壤中的迁移速度小于0.24 m/a,Co在进入地表水前已经衰变至非常低的水平,不会对生物圈造成污染。     

Co- or Ni-modified Sn-MnOx low-dimensional multi-oxides for high-efficient NH3-SCR De-NOx: Performance optimization and reaction mechanism

NH₃-SCR performances were explored to the relationship between structure morphology and physio-chemical properties over low-dimensional ternary Mn-based catalysts prepared by one-step synthesis method.Due to its strong oxidation performance,Sn-MnOx was prone to side reactions between NO,NH₃ and O₂,resulting in the generation of more NO₂ and N₂ O,here most of N₂ O was driven from the non-selective oxidation of NH₃,while ...     

Microbial electrolysis cells with biocathodes and driven by microbial fuel cells for simultaneous enhanced Co(II) and Cu(II) removal

Cobalt and copper recovery from aqueous Co(II) and Cu(II) is one critical step for cobalt and copper wastewaters treatment. Previous tests have primarily examined Cu(II) and Co(II) removal in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) with abiotic cathodes and driven by microbial fuel cell (MFCs). However, Cu(II) and Co(II) removal rates were still slow. Here we report MECs with biocathodes and driven by MFCs where enhanced removal rates of 6.0±0.2 mg?L⁻¹?h⁻¹ for Cu(II) at an initial concentration of 50 mg?L⁻¹ and 5.3±0.4 mg?L⁻¹ h⁻¹ for Co(II) at an initial 40 mg?L⁻¹ were achieved, 1.7 times and 3.3 times as high as those in MECs with abiotic cathodes and driven by MFCs. Species of Cu(II) was reduced to pure copper on the cathodes of MFCs whereas Co(II) was removed associated with microorganisms on the cathodes of the connected MECs. Higher Cu(II) concentrations and smaller working volumes in the cathode chambers of MFCs further improved removal rates of Cu(II) (115.7 mg?L⁻¹?h⁻¹) and Co(II) (6.4 mg?L⁻¹?h⁻¹) with concomitantly achieving hydrogen generation (0.05±0.00 mol?mol⁻¹ COD). Phylogenetic analysis on the biocathodes indicates Proteobacteria dominantly accounted for 67.9% of the total reads, followed by Firmicutes (14.0%), Bacteroidetes (6.1%), Tenericutes (2.5%), Lentisphaerae (1.4%), and Synergistetes (1.0%). This study provides a beneficial attempt to achieve simultaneous enhanced Cu(II) and Co(II) removal, and efficient Cu(II) and Co(II) wastewaters treatment without any external energy consumption.     

废弃绿茶对水溶液中Co2+的吸附研究

利用废弃绿茶叶粉末(简称茶叶末)作为吸附剂,考察了pH、温度、时间等对水溶液中Co2+的影响。结果表明:(1)茶叶末对Co2+的吸附量随着pH的上升而上升,其中pH=5.50为最佳。茶叶末对Co2+的吸附量均随时间延长呈现上升趋势,吸附速度先快后慢,吸附最佳时间为90min。(2)不同温度下,茶叶末对Co2+的吸附较好地符合Langmuir模型。该吸附过程是化学离子交换过程,主要发生在重金属离子与羟基、氨基的氢原子之间。(3)茶叶末对Co2+的吸附是自发、放热过程,降温有利于吸附,反应时吸附界面上的混乱度增加。(4)盐酸是很好的解吸介质,解吸率为92.65%。通过灼烧(或燃烧)可以回收水溶液中绝大部分的Co2+,不仅减小了对环境的污染,而且节约了资源。