Nitrobenzene attenuation process in subsurface environment by surface-Fe（ H ） based on iron oxides

通过静态实验研究了基于铁氧化物表面Fe（Ⅱ）对地下环境中硝基苯的衰减作用．结果表明,在硝基苯浓度为150mg·L^-1,Fe（Ⅱ）与硝基苯物质的量比为13．5时,反应60h内,离子态的Fe（Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅱ）一正方针铁矿、Fe（Ⅱ）一赤铁矿、Fe（Ⅱ）一针铁矿对硝基苯的衰减属于一级反应动力学;Fe（Ⅱ）-正方针铁矿和Fe（Ⅱ）-针铁矿对硝基苯的衰减效果相近,且均比Fe（Ⅱ）．赤铁矿对硝基苯的衰减效果好;Fe（Ⅱ）与硝基苯的物质的量比对硝基苯的衰减也有一定的影响,在硝基苯浓度为150mg·L^-1,Fe（Ⅱ）与硝基苯物质的量比为13．5时,对硝基苯的衰减效果相对较好,对硝基苯的去除率均在25．18％以上．     

工业铁屑(零价铁)还原硝基苯影响因素研究

通过静态试验,研究了初始硝基苯浓度、零价铁含量和pH值对零价铁还原硝基苯的影响.结果表明,在pH值为7,硝基苯初始浓度为311.25mg/L条件下,零价铁含量分别是100、50和25g/L时,硝基苯的降解速率常数分别是-0.02991、-0.0165和-0.00783min-1,零价铁含量越大硝基苯的降解速率越大;在pH值为7,零价铁含量为50g/L条件下,硝基苯的初始浓度分别是127.5,311.25,467.01mg/L时,硝基苯的降解速率常数分别是-0.01532、-0.01235和-0.00891min-1;在硝基苯初始浓度为311.5mg/L,零价铁含量为50g/L条件下,pH值为2.94时,硝基苯的降解速率最大,pH值为7其次,pH值为11.89时的降解速率最小,酸性环境利于零价铁还原硝基苯的进行.由此可见,硝基苯浓初始浓度、零价铁含量和pH值对硝基苯的还原具有重大影响.     

零价铁纳米颗粒对硫酸盐还原菌的杀灭作用研究

在实验条件下通过混合振荡的方式,探究了零价铁纳米颗粒（NZVI）对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的杀灭能力和杀灭效果;并通过电镜扫描等手段观察零价纳米铁颗粒与硫酸还原菌形态变化,推测杀灭机制.结果表明,当向油田回注水中分别加入0、1、2、5和10mg/mL的零价铁时,该纳米粒子对硫酸还原菌的杀灭效率分别为0、75.6%、90....     

内蒙古包头铁矿区土壤重金属污染特征及其评价

对位于内蒙古草原生态系统的包头尾矿库区和白云鄂博铁矿开采区土壤中重金属的污染状况进行了调查研究,旨在为治理草原矿区的土壤重金属污染提供理论依据.结果表明,包头尾矿库区周围不同方向的土壤都受到了重金属Pb、Cu、Zn和Mn的污染,单项污染指数法评价表明各重金属污染程度为Mn〉Zn〉Pb〉Cu;内梅罗综合污染指数法评价表明...     

根表铁氧化物胶膜对水稻吸收诺氟沙星的影响

采用水培法研究了水稻根表铁氧化物胶膜对水稻吸收诺氟沙星的影响.结果表明,水稻根表的铁氧化物胶膜生成量随溶液中Fe2+质量浓度的增加而增加.营养液中添加诺氟沙星之后,根表铁膜量不同程度地降低,且随着添加诺氟沙星质量浓度的增加铁膜减少量有所增加.根表诺氟沙星含量与根表铁膜含量具有相关性,且相关性系数为0.959(诺氟沙星=10 mg·L-1)和0.987(诺氟沙星=50 mg·L-1),根内诺氟沙星含量以及地上部诺氟沙星含量,与根表铁膜含量没有显著相关性.添加不同质量浓度的诺氟沙星,水稻根表、根内以及地上部所含诺氟沙星的质量分数:水稻根表为87.7%~97.6%,根内为0.8%~4.8%,地上部为1.5%~7.5%,根表诺氟沙星远远大于根内以及地上部的诺氟沙星含量.因此,水稻根表形成的铁氧化物胶膜在一定程度上是一个诺氟沙星富集库,但是并没有对诺氟沙星迁移到水稻根内和地上部起到明显的促进或抑制作用.     

Fe/Cu催化还原降解饮用水中溴氯乙腈的性能研究

为了降低饮用水在氯消毒过程中产生的消毒副产物(DBPs)溴氯乙腈(BCAN)对人体带来的健康危害,采用Fe/Cu催化还原的方法降解饮用水中低浓度的BCAN,考察了BCAN的降解效果和其影响因素,探讨了其降解机制及动力学规律.结果表明,Fe/Cu具有更强的还原降解BCAN的能力,与零价铁相比,Fe/Cu(质量比为10∶1)的降解效率是其1.5倍.随着Fe/Cu投加量的增加,BCAN的去除率有明显的提高,对于初始浓度为20μg·L-1的BCAN溶液,当Fe/Cu(质量比为10∶1)投加量由5g·L-1增加到10 g·L-1,反应150 min后,去除率由51.1%增加到89.5%.BCAN降解效率随着温度的升高逐渐提高,BCAN初始浓度的变化对Fe/Cu去除BCAN的去除效果影响不大,Fe/Cu降解BCAN符合一级反应动力学规律.     

Flux characteristics of total dissolved iron and its species during extreme rainfall event in the midstream of the Heilongjiang River

The occurrence of extreme rainfall events and associated flooding has been enhanced due to climate changes, and is thought to influence the flux of total dissolved iron(TDI) in rivers considerably. Since TDI is a controlling factor in primary productivity in marine ecosystems, alteration of riverine TDI input to the ocean may lead to climate change via its effect on biological productivity. During an extreme rainfall event that arose in northeastern China in 2013, water samples were collected in the midstream of the Heilongjiang River to analyze the concentration and species of TDI as well as other basic parameters. The speciation of TDI was surveyed by filtration and ultrafiltration methods.Compared with data monitored from 2007 to 2012, the concentration of TDI increased significantly during this event, with an average concentration of 1.11 mg/L, and the estimated TDI flux reached 1.2 × 105 tons, equaling the average annual TDI flux level.Species analysis revealed that low-molecular-weight complexed iron was the dominant species, and the impulse of TDI flux could probably be attributed to the hydrological connection to riparian wetlands and iron-rich terrestrial runoff. Moreover, dissolved organic matter played a key role in the flux, species and bioavailability of TDI. In addition,there is a possibility that the rising TDI flux could further influence the transport and cycling of nutrients and related ecological processes in the river, estuary coupled with the coastal ecosystems, which merits closer attention in the future.     

Explosion behaviour of metallic nano powders

This paper describes experiences and results of experiments with several metallic dusts within the nanometer range. The nano dusts (aluminium, iron, zinc, titanium and copper) were tested in a modified experimental setup for the test apparatus 20 L-sphere (also known as 20-L Siwek Chamber), that enables the test samples to be kept under inert atmospheric conditions nearly until ignition. This setup was already introduced in earlier papers by the authors. It was designed to allow the determination of safety characteristics of nano powders under most critical circumstances (e.g. minimisation of the influence of oxidation before the test itself). Furthermore the influence of passivation on explosion behaviour is investigated and additional tests with deposited dust were carried out to describe the burning behaviour of all dusts. For a better characterisation all samples were tested with a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). To minimise the influence of oxidation all samples were handled at inert conditions until shortly before ignition or start of the test respectively.     

混凝/催化氧化/微电解三元组合技术处理油田压裂废液

油田压裂废液成分复杂、粘度高、COD高且难降解,对环境造成较大污染。提出了化学混凝/催化氧化/微电解三元组合技术处理压裂废液的新方法,确定了各步骤的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,压裂废液经化学混凝/催化氧化/微电解三元组合技术处理后,粘度降至1.5 m Pa·s,COD去除率98%,COD150 mg/L,达到国家污水排放2级标准。各单元过程形成的泥饼浸出液分析结果符合GB 18599—2001《一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准》第一类技术要求。     

有机膨润土负载纳米零价铁去除废水中的四氯乙烯研究

用具有良好吸附能力的有机膨润土作载体,通过FeSO4与NaBH4反应制得有机膨润土负载纳米零价铁(NZVI/CTMA-Bent).用XRD、TEM对NZVI/CTMA-Bent进行了表征,并将NZVI/CTMA-Bent用于四氯乙烯(PCE)的去除,考察了介质pH值、PCE初始质量浓度对其去除率的影响,并与相同铁含量的纳米零价铁(NZVI)进行了比较,测定反应中Cl-浓度的变化,采用GC/MS方法对反应产物进行了分析.结果表明:以有机膨润土作载体,可有效阻止NZVI的团聚,且对介质pH值有一定的缓冲作用;NZVI/CTMA-Bent与PCE反应120 min后,去除率接近100％,既高于相同铁含量的NZVI对PCE的去除率(54.8％),也优于NZVI和有机膨润土对PCE去除率的加和(86.5％);NZVI/CTMA-Bent与PCE反应几乎完全转变成乙烯.动力学研究表明,NZVI/CTMA-Bent、NZVI对PCE的反应均符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程,且反应速率与其对PCE的吸附性能呈正相关.