Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron

Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was evaluated to assess the feasibility of employing NZVI in the biological nitrate treatment. Nitrate was completely reduced within 3 d in a nanoscale Fe(0)-cell reactor, while only 50% of the nitrate was abiotically reduced over 7 d at 25 °C. The removal rate of nitrate in the integrated NZVI-cell system was unaffected by the presence of high amounts of sulfate. Efficient removal of nitrate by Fe(II)-supported anaerobic culture in 14 d indicated that Fe(II), which is produced during anaerobic iron corrosion in the Fe(0)-cell system, might act as an electron donor for nitrate. Unlike abiotic reduction, microbial reduction of nitrate was not significantly affected by low temperature conditions. This study demonstrated the potential applicability of employing NZVI iron as a source of electrons for biological nitrate reduction. Use of NZVI for microbial nitrate reduction can obviate the disadvantages associated with traditional biological denitrification, that relies on the use of organic substrates or explosive hydrogen gas, and maintain the advantages offered by nano-particle technology such as higher surface reactivity and functionality in suspensions.     

植物根表铁锰氧化物胶膜的环境生态作用

许多湿地、水生植物根系都具有向根际环境释放氧气和氧化物,在根表和根际形成铁、锰氧化物胶膜的能力。因其所具有的特殊的物理或化学结构,植物根表的铁锰氧化物胶膜在环境生态中起重要作用。文章综述了植物根表铁锰氧化物的形成与特征,对有害金属和类金属污染物、有机污染物的吸附和富集作用,对富营养化水体的净化作用,以及提高植物的耐酸和耐贫瘠能力。借助新技术或研究手段强化铁、锰氧化物胶膜对湿地或水体有害金属和有机污染物的调控作用,是今后的发展方向。     

负载TiO2/Fe^3＋的玻璃纤维反应器光催化苯酚

以玻璃纤维为载体,将TiO2负载到其表面形成了空间玻璃纤维反应器,引入Fe3＋作为掺杂改性离子,形成了负载TiO2/Fe^3＋的空间玻璃纤维光催化反应器,并以高压汞灯为光源进行了光催化降解水中苯酚的实验研究,考察了影响苯酚光催化降解的因素,确定了在UV365-250 W光源照射下,pH为3-5,O2通入量1.0 L/（min.L）,反应器内上升流速为0.7 m/min等实验条件下,初始浓度为30 mg/L的苯酚废水经120 min光催化反应后,降解率可达到85%,矿化率可达80%。     

不同粒径零价铁(ZVI)对污水污泥H2S和CH4释放速率的影响

考察了不同粒径零价铁(ZVI),包括200目普通铁粉(200m-ZVI)、800目超细铁粉(800m-ZVI)和纳米铁粉(nZVI,粒径=20 nm),对污水污泥的硫化氢和甲烷释放速率的影响。研究发现:(1)在22 d内,添加0.1%的200m-ZVI使污泥的硫化氢释放速率提高48.0%,而添加0.1%的800-ZVI和nZVI,则使污泥的硫化氢释放速率分别降低33.1%和77.1%;(2)不同粒径ZVI均可以提高污泥沼气中的甲烷浓度,且依次为nZVI>800m-ZVI>200m-ZVI;(3)在23 d内,添加0.1%的200m-ZVI和nZVI使污泥的甲烷累计产生量分别提高了15.5%和40.6%,而添加0.1%800m-ZVI则使甲烷产生量降低了12.5%。nZVI可以有效控制污泥的硫化氢释放,并显著提升污泥在厌氧发酵过程的产甲烷速率。     

Enhanced removal of pentachlorophenol by a novel composite: nanoscale zero valent iron immobilized on organobentonite

Nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) was immobilized on the organobentonite (CTMA-bent), so as to enhance the reactivity of NZVI and prevent its aggregation. This novel composite (NZVI/CTMA-Bent) was characterized by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Good dispersion of NZVI particles on the bentonite was observed. Its performance on removing pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated by batch experiments. Results showed NZVI/CTMA-Bent could rapidly and completely dechlorinate PCP to phenol with an efficiency of 96.2%. It was higher than the sum (54.5%) of reduction by NZVI (31.5%) and adsorption by CTMA-Bent (23.0%) separately. The kinetic studies indicated the removal rate of PCP was positively related to the adsorption. We proposed that the adsorption of PCP by CTMA-Bent enhanced the mass transfer of PCP from aqueous to iron surface. Besides, NZVI/CTMA-Bent exhibited good stability and reusability, and CTMA-Bent could also reduce the amount of iron ions released into the solution.     

超声波／纳米铁协同降解氯代苯酚的试验

通过间歇试验对超声波／纳米铁协同降解氯代苯酚（CPs）废水进行了研究，结果表明，超声波／纳米铁协同对CPs的降解率明显高于单纯超声波和单纯纳米铁的降解率；协同体系、单纯超声波和单纯纳米铁降解CPs均符合准一级反应动力学，协同体系的降解速率较单纯超声波提高了5．1-5．6倍，较单纯纳米铁提高了17．7～21倍，并且比它们的几何迭加值高4倍以上；氯代苯酚降解的准一级速率常数和降解率满足以下规律：PEP〉2，4，5-TCP〉2，4-DCP〉3-CP；探讨了混合废水的降解：在混合废水体系中，结构易裂解的优先降解，然后为浓度高的优先降解。     

改性火山岩滤料去除矿井水中铁锰离子影响因素研究

以改性火山岩滤料作为除铁除锰的滤料,通过对模拟矿井水的过滤试验,研究了滤速、pH值、滤层厚度及铁锰离子浓度对其除铁除锰效率的影响。结果表明：改性火山岩滤料能实现模拟矿井水中Mn²⁺的100%去除,效果明显优于未改性火山岩;最为合理的过滤滤速为7～8 m/h;除铁除锰的过程主要发生在滤层厚度为90 cm的上部滤层中;随着铁锰浓度的升高,改性火山岩滤料除铁的效率变化很小,除锰效率呈快速、线性降低;中性或偏碱性的环境有利于改性火山岩滤料充分发挥高效吸附去除能力。     

酸洗废液制取复合亚铁的研制及应用

介绍了利用酸洗废液为原料制备复合亚铁型混凝剂的新方法 ,并用制得的产品应用于电镀和印染废水治理工程。工程应用及实验结果表明 ,对含Ni2 + 、Cu2 + 和Cr6+ 的电镀废水 ,能使Ni2 + 、Cu2 + 出水浓度 <0 .1mg/L ,Cr6+ 未检出 ,还能处理数种化学镀废液。对印染废水 ,COD去除率和脱色率可分别达到 84 %和 98%以上 ,值得进一步研究和推广     

A sequential zero valent iron and aerobic biodegradation treatment system for nitrobenzene

The remediation of nitroaromatic contaminated groundwater is sometimes difficult because nitroaromatic compounds are resistant to biodegradation and, when they do transform, the degradation of the products may also be incomplete. A simple nitroaromatic compound, nitrobenzene, was chosen to assess the feasibility of an in situ multi-zone treatment system at the laboratory scale. The proposed treatment system consists of a zero valent granular iron zone to reduce nitrobenzene to aniline, followed by a passive oxygen release zone for the aerobic biodegradation of the aniline daughter product using pristine aquifer material from Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Borden, Ontario, as an initial microbial source. In laboratory batch experiments, nitrobenzene was found to reduce quickly in the presence of granular iron forming aniline, which was not further degraded but remained partially sorbed onto the granular iron surface. Aniline was found to be readily biodegraded with little metabolic lag under aerobic conditions using the pristine aquifer material. A sequential column experiment, containing a granular iron reducing zone and an aerobic biodegradation zone, successively degraded nitrobenzene and then aniline to below detection limits (0.5 microM) without any noticeable reduction in hydraulic conductivity from biofouling, or through the formation of precipitates.     

凝结水处理技术在大港石化的应用

根据石化行业凝结水污染的特点,结合大港石化动力车间凝结水处理前的现状及凝结水含油、铁及其他离子的情况,采用了复合双层膜凝结水处理技术对凝结水中的油、铁进行去除,运行实践证明油的去除率≥90％,铁的去除率≥80％,出水符合国家锅炉补水标准,并具有运行成本低等特点。此项技术填补了石化行业凝结水除油除铁的空白。