全循环工艺治理2,4-二甲基苯胺生产中的还原废水

对铁粉还原法生产２,４－二甲基苯胺过程中产生的废水,采用蒸发为水蒸气后回用于汽提的全循环工艺,可实现零排放。对循环过程进行了水平衡、热量衡算和经济分析,证明了该工艺的可行性。     

酯化废水铁还原预处理的研究

用铁还原－中和－混凝沉淀法进行酯化废水预处理试验,原废水不稀释,铁还原处理在曝气条件下运行,还原时间为７￣８ｈ,处理过程中的耗铁量为每升废水１２０ｍｇ左右,全过程ＣＯＤ去除率可达３０％以上,ＢＯＤ５去除率可达４０％以上,色度降低５０％。     

污染地下水零价铁原位反应带修复技术:理论·应用·展望

ZVI-IRZ(零价铁原位反应带)是一种新兴的地下水原位修复技术,具有工程造价低、施工简单、环境扰动小、修复效果好等优势, 而ZVI(零价铁)自身理化性质、场地的水文地球化学特征以及场地的污染状况等是影响修复效果的主要因素. 当前的研究内容主要包括IRZ(原位反应带)中ZVI的反应活性、稳定性、迁移性、生物毒性以及注入方式等方面. 在修复工程中存在的问题主要体现在:①ZVIs(细粒径零价铁)在含水介质中的迁移性较差,并且多采用Fe2+、pH等间接指标考察含水层中ZVIs的分布情况;②ZVIs表面钝化而诱发介质反应活性下降;③ZVIs的潜在生物环境效应尚不明确. 因此,需要加强对ZVIs表面改性手段、作用机制、老化特性、使用寿命、解钝化及钝化抑制技术等方面的理论与应用研究,还应关注ZVIs在环境中的归趋、转化机制和暴露路径,建立生态系统尺度上的评估体系; 同时,在实际应用中,需要在系统评估污染场地水文地质条件的基础上,加强对注入含水层中ZVIs及其反应产物的原位监测技术研发和监测体系完善.      

Fe/SiO_2复合材料的制备及其对Cd~(2+)的吸附

以Na_2SiO_3为原料、聚乙二醇-2000为结构导向剂,采用溶胶-凝胶和高温煅烧两步法制备SiO_2微球,再以其为载体,采用液相还原法负载零价纳米铁,制得Fe/SiO_2复合材料。采用SEM,FTIR,XRD技术对Fe/SiO_2复合材料的形貌结构进行表征,研究了Fe/SiO_2复合材料对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能。表征结果显示,纳米铁以毛绒状负载在SiO_2微球上。实验结果表明,在溶液pH为5、n(SiO_2):n(Fe)=2、老化温度为70℃的最佳工艺条件下制备的Fe/SiO_2复合材料在25℃时处理Cd~(2+)初始质量浓度为35 mg/L的模拟含Cd~(2+)废水,Cd~(2+)吸附容量为28.10 mg/g。Fe/SiO_2复合材料对Cd~(2+)的吸附作用较符合准二级吸附动力学方程,对Cd~(2+)的等温吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型。     

包覆型纳米零价铁的制备及其对染料溶液的脱色性能

采用一步法合成了SiO_2包覆型纳米零价铁(SiO_2-NZVI),并采用TEM,XRD,FTIR及EDS方法对其进行了表征,考察了SiO_2-NZVI对偶氮、蒽醌、三苯甲烷3种不同类型的染料溶液的脱色能力。表征结果表明:SiO_2-NZVI平均粒径为15~22 nm,SiO_2薄膜厚度均一,约为10 nm;SiO_2-NZVI中所含元素主要为Fe和Si,质量比为90.6∶9.4。实验结果表明:SiO_2-NZVI对3种染料溶液均具有脱色能力,在染料溶液质量浓度为100 mg/L、SiO_2-NZVI加入量为2 g/L、反应时间为35 min的条件下,对甲基橙、孔雀石绿、洋红溶液的脱色率分别为86.04%,97.50%,82.13%;SiO_2-NZVI相对于NZVI有更强的抗氧化能力,且酸性环境有利于SiO_2-NZVI对染料溶液的脱色。     

磷灰石-零价铁对底泥铜、铅释放的抑制效果及机理研究

以磷灰石-零价铁作为添加物,强化混凝应急处置Cu、Pb污染河道水体,并模拟构建产生沉积物,通过静态释放实验方式,研究了其对沉积物中Cu、Pb释放的影响和机理.结果表明:磷灰石复合零价铁介入应急混凝处置显著减少了沉积物中Cu、Pb的释放;45 d释放实验后,与对照组相比,添加磷灰石复合零价铁的沉积物中,Cu和Pb从生物有效性高的酸可提取态向生物有效性相对较低的可还原态、可氧化态、残渣态转化.投加磷灰石复合零价铁有利于应急混凝处置重金属产生沉积物的稳定,且零价铁掺杂比例越高,效果越好.     

Deferoxamine pretreatment inhibits metal neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly common in humans. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of extracellular plaques containing β‐amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains. Researchers have focused on the elucidation of a correlation between high concentrations of aluminum or iron (in the organism with observed neuropathology). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum and iron on the behavioral parameters (pharyngeal pumping and defecation cycle) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans pretreated with deferoxamine (DFX). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated as well. DFX is a chelant that is widely used for the treatment of metal toxicity, and it has a high affinity for aluminum and iron. The worms were pretreated with DFX, and then exposed to aluminum and iron. In the absence of DFX, aluminum exposure decreased pharyngeal pumping compared with that in the control group. The defecation cycle of the control was significantly different from that of the worms exposed to aluminum. In contrast, an increased defecation cycle was observed in worms exposed to iron without DFX pretreatment. AChE activity increased in aluminum‐exposed groups that received DFX pretreatment compared with those that did not receive pretreatment. These results suggest that pretreatment with DFX is effective in reducing metal toxicity, particularly with reference to AChE activity, which did not decrease in groups that did not receive DFX pretreatment.     

不同开垦年限湿地土壤铁变化特征研究

以三江平原不同开垦年限的湿地土壤为对象,研究了土壤全铁含量、氧化铁游离度、活化度和络合度的时空变化趋势.结果表明,耕层(0～20 cm)土壤较中下层(20～100 cm)土壤、开垦初期(0～1a)较开垦后期(1～25 a)铁所受影响更为显著.土壤全铁与有机质呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.620,而与全磷和pH值的相关程度较低.土层1(0～10 cm)全铁含量于开垦前7 a快速增长,13 a后趋于平稳;而土层2(10～20 cm)的快速增长期为8 a,15 a后进入平稳期.土层1比土层2的响应时间更短,规律性更强.土壤氧化铁的游离度在开垦之后迅速升高,而后降低再升高.活化度和络合度随开垦年限的增加都呈指数衰减趋势,其中土层1的活化度在开垦前4 a迅速降低,6 a后趋于平稳,土层2的活化度则在开垦1 a内迅速降低而后一直保持平稳;而络合度的上述年限分别为6 a、14 a和2 a.土壤中全铁的相对含量、氧化铁的活化度和络合度的拟合方程都可反推出土壤的开垦年限,可见铁对土壤环境变迁具有一定的指示作用.     

烧结过程中解耦燃烧与烟气返回共脱硝新工艺Ⅰ:模拟烧结矿带的脱硝机理

基于煤的解耦耦合燃烧原理和烟气返回脱硝技术,并结合烧结工序特点,提出了烧结过程中解耦燃烧与烟气返回共脱硝新工艺,详细介绍了该工艺的基本原理和工艺流程,对其可行性进行了热力学计算分析;重点研究了烧结矿带发生的脱硝反应-利用烧结矿作填料,采用H2、CO和NH3模拟热解气主要组分对返回烟气中Nox的脱除进行了实验研究.结果表明,450-550℃下烧结过程引入4.0%的H2或4.0%的CO,可使Nox的浓度降低20%～40%;620～660℃时烧结过程引入0.15%的NH3,可使Nox浓度降低20%～30%.烧结过程解耦燃烧与烟气返回共脱硝工艺可有效减少Nox的排放.同时可降低烧结能耗.     

Aromatic compound degradation by iron reducing bacteria isolated from irrigated tropical paddy soils

Forty-six candidate phenol/benzoate degrading-iron reducing bacteria were isolated from long term irrigated tropical paddy soils by enrichment procedures.Pure cultures and some prepared mixed cultures were examined for ferric oxide reduction and phenol/benzoate degradation.All the isolates were iron reducers,but only 56.5%could couple iron reduction to phenol and/or benzoate degradation,as evidenced by depletion of phenol and benzoate after one week incubation.Analysis of degradative capability using Biolog...