Cross-Cultural Management of Pest Animal Damage: A Case Study of Feral Buffalo Control in Australia’s Kakadu National Park

Government agencies responsible for pest animal management often assume that their views and assumptions about the benefits of control are widely shared, especially if these pests are exotics. This was certainly the case when tens of thousands of feral Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were to be culled in Australias Kakadu National Park as part of a national Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign (BTEC). Implementation of the campaign sparked considerable dispute between officials and aboriginal and non-aboriginal interests about the risks posed by buffalo relative to their value as a potential resource. Drawing upon a variety of written and oral sources relating to the era of buffalo control in Kakadu, this paper critically analyzes the way in which detriment caused by buffalo was appraised and managed under the BTEC program. In particular, the paper focuses the ways in which the BTEC program affected aboriginal people in Kakadu, who view buffalo as a source of customary and economic benefit as well as a source of change on their lands. The paper then considers what lessons can be learned from the BTEC for the development of sensible feral management objectives and strategies. It is argued that effective management of feral animals such as buffalo will require environmental managers to engage with local people and involve them in the definition and management of pest animal damage and methods of control.     

Predicting mosaics and wildlife diversity resulting from fire disturbance to a forest ecosystem

A model for predicting community mosaics and wildlife diversity resulting from fire disturbance to a forest ecosystem is presented. It applies an algorithm that delineates the size and shape of each patch from grid-based input data and calculates standard diversity measures for the entire mosaic of community patches and their included animal species. The user can print these diversity calculations, maps of the current community-type-age-class mosaic, and maps of habitat utilization by each animal species. Furthermore, the user can print estimates of changes in each resulting from natural disturbance. Although data and resolution level independent, the model is demonstrated and tested with data from the Lewis and Clark National Forest in Montana.     

北九州生态园对我国静脉产业园建设的启示

北九州生态园是日本国第一个、也是最典型的静脉产业园．其成功经验可为我国开展同类园区建设提供有效的借鉴。结合北九州生态园的物质流分析结果,分析了影响园区建设的主要因素,并为我国静脉产业因的发展提出建议。     

济源“创模”中节能降耗方案情景分析初探

河南省济源市于2006年提出创建国家环境保护模范城市（简称“创模”）的申请,但是其规模以上单位工业增加值能耗指标过高、不能满足“创模”要求。基于济源市政府提出三年内“创模”成功要求,本文在综合分析济源市能耗现状和能耗高原因的基础上,借助情景分析法,对该指标分别从节能技术、城市工业发展规模、城市工业内部结构调整、城市工业增加值变化等不同发展途径下的演变趋势进行情景分析并定量预测。在上述分析的基础上,通过经济效益和环境效益的综合比较,推荐济源市最佳节能方案,以满足城市“创模”考核要求。     

中国循环经济和生态工业园发展中的问题辨析

文章通过回顾中国循环经济和生态工业园近十年的发展历程,结合对循环经济和生态工业园建设内在要求的分析,总结了中国近年来开展生态工业园区建设实践的发展状况、特征及建设经验,并分析了制约中国工业生态化转型的政策、体制、组织等问题。最后从政策、规划、机制、监管、科学性等角度提出了合理化建议,以有效保证生态工业园的健康、可持续发展。     

化工园区企业环境风险分级管理研究

基于构建化工园区环境风险管理体系的重要性,参考美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)的化学品事故防范风险管理指南,提出了化工园区环境风险管理的基本框架,并将企业风险分级的思想应用到化工区风险管理中,提出了三级风险管理方案。以河南省某化工园区为例进行风险识别,将园区内企业分为3个风险级别,结果表明,在该化工园区内的19家企业中,一级风险源有2个,二级风险源有1个,三级风险源有4个。对于风险级别较高的企业,除了日常的风险管理工作,还应该从环境受体调查、公众参与、完善应急预案编制等方面加大风险管理的力度,更好地实现将重大环境污染事件遏制在孕育期,有效预防环境风险事件、减轻环境危害。     

化工园区重点液态环境风险源监控布点研究

对环境风险源进行科学监控是从源头规避重大环境污染事故发生的有效途径,迄今为止我国在环境风险源监控布点方面尚未形成系统的技术方法。以化工园区重点液态环境风险源为对象,借鉴流域水质目标管理的理念,按照分区、分类、分级监控的原则,初步建立了化工园区重点液态环境风险源的监控布点方法,在阐述不同级别重点液态环境风险源监控布点区域一般要求的同时,提出了不同区域重点液态环境风险源监控布点的方法和依据,并以某化工园区为例进行了监控布点示范。     

流动注射法测定低浓度挥发酚

在监测饮用水、地表水和地下水时流动注射法测定挥发酚显现出明显的优势.     

Assessing environmental factors in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growth in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA: From conceptual model, envirogram, to simulation model

This study provides a method for assessing a multiplicity of environmental factors in red spruce growth in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) of Southeastern USA. Direct and indirect factors in the annual growth increment are first organized into a schematic input-output envirogram (ARIRS), and this information is then used to construct a simulation model (ARIM). The envirogram represents a structured conceptualization of most environmental factors involved in growth, as developed from relevant literature. This interdisciplinary synthesis distinguishes direct vs. indirect factors in growth and takes account of the systems ecology concept that indirect factors may be as important as or more important than direct ones in regulating growth. The ARIRS envirogram summarizes hierarchically organized, within- and cross-scale, local-to-global interactions, and its construction makes it obvious that growth is influenced by many cross-scale spatiotemporal interactions. More research on genecology is still needed to clarify the role of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive capacity in nutrient cycling, global change, and human disturbance.     

Societal risk assessment of major hazard installations using QuickRisk

QuickRisk is a quantitative risk assessment tool developed at the Health and Safety Laboratory for use in assessing societal risk around onshore major hazard installations to inform land-use planning decisions. It uses release scenario information, parameterised consequence models, weather data, and population data from the National Population Database (NPD).This paper describes enhancements to the NPD methodology to include workplace populations. It describes the novel numerical, graphical and geographical representations of societal risk produced by QuickRisk. F–N data are analysed in terms of scenario FN curves and Delta PLL vs. N curves, where PLL is potential loss of life. The Delta PLL curves could be useful for comparison of FN curves against FN criterion lines or other FN data on a PLL basis. Geographical representations generated from PLL density maps show: the distribution of PLL dominating release scenarios or the percentage of risk contributed by the PLL-dominant release scenario, the maximum number of fatalities associated with the worst-case event, and the associated release scenario. Geographical representations are also generated of the maximum population that would meet a PLL density criterion, and the relative population change that would match a given PLL density criterion.These novel representations of societal risk could be useful for more effective communication between stakeholders on the risk levels in the vicinity of major hazard installations.