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621.
A model for predicting community mosaics and wildlife diversity resulting from fire disturbance to a forest ecosystem is presented. It applies an algorithm that delineates the size and shape of each patch from grid-based input data and calculates standard diversity measures for the entire mosaic of community patches and their included animal species. The user can print these diversity calculations, maps of the current community-type-age-class mosaic, and maps of habitat utilization by each animal species. Furthermore, the user can print estimates of changes in each resulting from natural disturbance. Although data and resolution level independent, the model is demonstrated and tested with data from the Lewis and Clark National Forest in Montana. 相似文献
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623.
河南省济源市于2006年提出创建国家环境保护模范城市(简称“创模”)的申请,但是其规模以上单位工业增加值能耗指标过高、不能满足“创模”要求。基于济源市政府提出三年内“创模”成功要求,本文在综合分析济源市能耗现状和能耗高原因的基础上,借助情景分析法,对该指标分别从节能技术、城市工业发展规模、城市工业内部结构调整、城市工业增加值变化等不同发展途径下的演变趋势进行情景分析并定量预测。在上述分析的基础上,通过经济效益和环境效益的综合比较,推荐济源市最佳节能方案,以满足城市“创模”考核要求。 相似文献
624.
文章通过回顾中国循环经济和生态工业园近十年的发展历程,结合对循环经济和生态工业园建设内在要求的分析,总结了中国近年来开展生态工业园区建设实践的发展状况、特征及建设经验,并分析了制约中国工业生态化转型的政策、体制、组织等问题。最后从政策、规划、机制、监管、科学性等角度提出了合理化建议,以有效保证生态工业园的健康、可持续发展。 相似文献
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626.
This study provides a method for assessing a multiplicity of environmental factors in red spruce growth in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) of Southeastern USA. Direct and indirect factors in the annual growth increment are first organized into a schematic input-output envirogram (ARIRS), and this information is then used to construct a simulation model (ARIM). The envirogram represents a structured conceptualization of most environmental factors involved in growth, as developed from relevant literature. This interdisciplinary synthesis distinguishes direct vs. indirect factors in growth and takes account of the systems ecology concept that indirect factors may be as important as or more important than direct ones in regulating growth. The ARIRS envirogram summarizes hierarchically organized, within- and cross-scale, local-to-global interactions, and its construction makes it obvious that growth is influenced by many cross-scale spatiotemporal interactions. More research on genecology is still needed to clarify the role of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive capacity in nutrient cycling, global change, and human disturbance. 相似文献
627.
Diego Lisbona Joseph Januszewski Helen Balmforth Mike Wardman 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2011,89(6):404-414
QuickRisk is a quantitative risk assessment tool developed at the Health and Safety Laboratory for use in assessing societal risk around onshore major hazard installations to inform land-use planning decisions. It uses release scenario information, parameterised consequence models, weather data, and population data from the National Population Database (NPD).This paper describes enhancements to the NPD methodology to include workplace populations. It describes the novel numerical, graphical and geographical representations of societal risk produced by QuickRisk. F–N data are analysed in terms of scenario FN curves and Delta PLL vs. N curves, where PLL is potential loss of life. The Delta PLL curves could be useful for comparison of FN curves against FN criterion lines or other FN data on a PLL basis. Geographical representations generated from PLL density maps show: the distribution of PLL dominating release scenarios or the percentage of risk contributed by the PLL-dominant release scenario, the maximum number of fatalities associated with the worst-case event, and the associated release scenario. Geographical representations are also generated of the maximum population that would meet a PLL density criterion, and the relative population change that would match a given PLL density criterion.These novel representations of societal risk could be useful for more effective communication between stakeholders on the risk levels in the vicinity of major hazard installations. 相似文献
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629.
利用ISSR分子标记技术对湖北省大贵寺国家森林公园野生青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.)居群进行遗传多样性分析。用11条ISSR引物对6个青檀居群64个样品进行扩增,扩增片段长度在200bp至3000bp之间,检测到179个位点,其中多态位点165个,多态位点百分率(P)为92.14%。青檀在物种水平上的Nei基因多样性指数(胁)和Shannon信息指数∽分别为0.273和0.423,在居群水平上分别为0.225和0.343,显示出青檀有着较高的遗传多样性。居群间的遗传分化系数(Gsr)为0.192,表明青檀居群间存在着较大的遗传分化;UPGMA聚类分析表明遗传距离与海拔差距有一定的相关性,相邻海拔的青檀居群间遗传距离较近。不同海拔导致的异质生境可能是影响青檀居群遗传分化的主要原因。 相似文献
630.
Neighbourhood parks may serve as a coping resource in post-disaster communities, yet little is known about the impact of large-scale disasters on park use. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of Hurricane Katrina (August 2005) on park use by visitors from flooded areas of New Orleans, Louisiana, compared to visitors from non-flooded areas. In 2006 and 2007, following Hurricane Katrina, 201 adults who visited 27 New Orleans parks were interviewed. Visitors from flooded neighbourhoods used their parks less often and were less likely to engage in animal interaction than visitors from non-flooded neighbourhoods. They placed more importance on escape and physically-active motivations than visitors from non-flooded areas. Social reasons were also more important to visitors from flooded areas, but these differences disappeared after adjusting for race. Neighbourhood parks are a community asset that may play a role in the post-disaster recovery process by providing opportunities for escape and physical activity. 相似文献