人与自然的关系及可持续发展

人与自然的关系经历了低生产力水平上的和谐及生产力极大发展状况下的冲突等阶段。在可持续发展下，人与自然可在新的高度下重新协调统一，但也存在许多矛盾，在一系列矛盾中，人类应选择整体性，协调渐进性，与经济持续发展相适应的原则来调整与自然的关系。     

Consumer response to integrated pest management and certification

This study investigated consumer awareness of integrated pest management (IPM) and the effects of two marketing strategies. Specific objectives were to find whether eastern Massachusetts farmstand and farmers' market customers purchasing sweet corn care how their food is grown, whether they are aware of IPM, whether they would prefer to buy IPM-certified sweet corn and why, and whether the marketing methods presently available to IPM-certified growers can enhance awareness of IPM. In 1993, the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture in collaboration with the IPM Program at the University of Massachusetts began a pilot IPM certification program for sweet corn and strawberries, designated ‘Partners with Nature’ (PWN). This study compared a ‘passive’ and ‘active’ PWN marketing strategy with a control that did not have any PWN publicity. The passive strategy was simply display of a PWN certificate and poster. The active strategy also included newspaper advertisements, clear labeling of corn as IPM-certified at the point of selection, a PWN sticker placed on bags of corn at payment, personally thanking customers for ‘buying our IPM-certified sweet corn’, and IPM brochures available to customers. Thirty purchasers of IPM-grown corn were interviewed at each of six farmstands and six farmers' markets.The dominant reason why customers patronize farmstands and farmers' markets was convenience. As found by other northeastern surveys, awareness of IPM was low: only 19% had heard of IPM before the survey, and only 38% of these could mention a specific method used in IPM. Although 45% of the respondents initially said that they did not care how their food is grown, 85% said that they would prefer to buy IPM-certified sweet corn after hearing a short definition. The definition gave only environmental benefits, but 74% of the customers preferring IPM-certified corn said they would buy it because it is safer or healthier. Most of the respondents claimed that they would be willing to pay 10% more for IPM-certified corn. Simply displaying an IPM poster had no significant results on consumer preference for IPM-grown produce, but active marketing significantly raised awareness of IPM and the PWN program.This study demonstrated the willingness of customers to support IPM because they believe it will have positive consequences for human health and environmental quality. It is concluded that sweet corn marketing based on IPM certification positively influenced consumer reactions to IPM; and a more extensive, diverse marketing strategy would enhance consumer awareness and support.     

城口大巴山自然保护区现状及保护措施

在保护区物种资源和生态系统调查的基础上，结合保护区的实际情况和国家西部大开发生态环境保护政策，提出了保护区生物多样性保护措施。     

关于加强江苏省自然保护区建设与管理的几点思考

目前,江苏省已初步建成各级各类自然保护区,为全省生态环境保护奠定了基础,但是自然区保护与资源开发之间的矛盾业已成为江苏省自然保护区建设与管理中的主要问题之一.在仔细分析问题存在原因的基础上,提出了加强全省自然保护区建设与管理的一系列对策措施.     

尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状及可持续发展对策

采用多种调查技术与方法 ,对尚勇自然保护区周边地区社会经济现状进行分析。该区存在群众文化素质偏低 ,医疗卫生状况较差 ,农业生产方式落后 ,保护区管理缺乏群众参与 ,保护区管理部门与周边乡村关系不够融洽等问题。针对这些问题 ,相应地提出了社区社会经济可持续发展的一系列对策     

广西典型自然保护区监管天地一体化技术应用探究

基于遥感影像、无人机航摄与移动核查技术,构建了集自然保护区"一张图"、图斑任务管理、移动核查为一体的天地一体化自然保护区人类活动监管系统,并以防城金花茶国家级自然保护区为例,进行试点监测监管研究。结果表明,利用监管系统可提高自然保护区监管时效性,有效解决监管盲区。对防城金花茶国家级自然保护区的人类活动进行监测评价,该保护区有工矿用地、农田、居民点、道路、其他人工设施等5类,以农田、居民点、普通道路为主,人类活动影响一般。     

盐城海滨湿地土壤水分空间特征与植被关系研究

在盐城国家级自然保护区内选择研究断面,进行野外监测,运用统计分析的方法,分析了盐城海滨湿土壤水分与植被的关系.结果表明:(1)自然条件下,从芦苇沼泽到米草沼泽,土壤水分呈明显的增加趋势,0~10 cm土层平均含水量从35.98%增加到46.10%;10~20 cm土层平均含水量从37.93%增加到44.80%;20~30 cm土层平均含水量从38.12%增加到46.84%.(2)人为影响下,土壤含水量在整体上表现出从陆地到海洋,先降低后增加的趋势.(3)在植被交错带,米草土壤含水量与斑块大小密切相关,随着斑块面积的增加而增加;芦苇土壤含水量与距海堤距离密切相关,对着距离的增加而增加.     

David Buckland,Founder, Cape Farewell,with Renée Lertzman

Cape Farewell is the brainchild of London-based artist David Buckland. The project is centered round a series of sailing voyages into the Arctic, through routes that were previously icebound but are now passable. The expeditions take teams of world-renowned artists, educators, writers, musicians and thinkers into the Arctic, onboard a hundred-year old schooner, with the invitation to engage with scientists (from the National Oceanography Centre, as well as Southampton), to make art, and to draw people's attention to the effects of ocean currents on us and our climate. Since its first expedition in 2003, the project has grown to include educational programs, an award-winning website, a BBC documentary, and an exhibit, “The Ship, The Art of Climate Change,” developed with the Natural History Museum and which has embarked on a worldwide tour. In August 2007, Cape Farewell began a three-year residency at Southbank Centre, operating as a cultural eco-hub for the Centre's creative climate change initiatives, and has started a collaboration with the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK.

This interview was conducted in the Cape Farewell offices, which are in David Buckland's studio atop his family home in Camden, London. Currently, Renée Lertzman is conducting a PhD in critical psychology studies at Cardiff University in Wales, UK. Her interviews and writings relating to environmental communication have appeared in The Sun Magazine, Orion, Land and People (Trust for Public Land), Speak Magazine, Terra Nova, and Organization & Environment. Lertzman can be contacted at http://www.reneelertzman.org. For more information about Cape Farewell, visit http://capefarewell.com.     

Performing Nature/Nature Performed: A Review of Environmental Performance Praxis and Theory

Two collections of essays that originated from the 2000 conference, “Between Nature,” held in Lancaster, England are reviewed. Themes of “process vs. object” and “performance of/for activists” are tracked across several of the essays. These essays provide important insights to how performance as concept and as practice are used by theorists and performers alike to reimagine human relationships in and with the human and non-human world.     

The Nature of Time: How the Covers of the World's Most Widely Read Weekly News Magazine Visualize Environmental Affairs

Scholars of environmental communication acknowledge the importance of visual representations in shaping perceptions and actions in relation to environmental affairs. Unlike with other media, including newspapers, television and film, research on the visualization of nature and environmental issues in magazines is rare. This study focuses on the covers of Time magazine, one of the world's most influential news weeklies. A dataset that includes all relevant covers from 1923 to 2011 is examined using a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis to analyze the visual representation of nature and environmental issues. The results show that the presence of environmental issues and nature on the covers has increased over the decades. Furthermore, Time takes an advocacy position on some environmental issues, but it is a shallow one that is weakly argued through less-than-engaging imagery and fails to offer much in the way of solutions or agency to the reader.