基于RUE的不同草地类生态评价研究——以河西走廊为例

选择降水利用效率（RUE）作为评价指标,对河西走廊代表性草地类--温性荒漠、高寒草甸、温性草原进行生态评价研究。通过植被指数提取、降水Co-Kriging插值、图层叠加,得到河西走廊区域2006-2010年的RUE(NDVI)、RUE(PVI)、RUE(TSAVI)数据,并与地上生物量进行相关分析,筛选出适合不同草地类的RUE作为该区域生态评价的指标。结果表明：1）温性荒漠区RUE(PVI)与草地生物量风干重正相关性最高（R²=0.879）,高寒草甸区RUE(NDVI)与草地生物量风干重的正相关性最高（R²=0.876）,温性草原区RUE(TSAVI)与草地生物量风干重的正相关性最高（R²=0.895）。2）温性荒漠区、温性草原区生态均处于退化过程,高寒草甸区处于恢复过程。研究认为选择合适的RUE值可作为不同草地类生态评价指标,并具有理论的可行性和实践的可靠性。     

粉煤灰和城市污泥配施对荒漠土壤持水性能影响的实验研究

通过模拟降雨及降雨后自然条件下的土壤表面水分蒸发,研究了粉煤灰和城市污泥配施对荒漠土壤持水性能的影响。研究结果表明,施用粉煤灰和城市污泥后的土壤饱和含水率是对照荒漠土壤的1.95倍,持水时间提高7天左右。这对于在干旱缺水的荒漠地区进行植树造林,恢复生态环境,提高有限的水资源利用率,防止荒漠化的扩大具有十分重要的理论指导意义。     

内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠旅游资源开发研究

旅游业对于开发区域丰富的资源及提高区域经济竞争力有着不可忽视的作用。沙漠是一种特殊的旅游资源，国际上沙漠旅游正成为一种新兴的旅游方式。积极开发沙漠旅游资源，既利于区域人地关系的和谐演进，又利于全面推进区域的可持续发展。以内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠旅游资源为研究对象，通过对沙漠中自然和人文资源的分析，探讨了沙漠旅游资源在开发利用中的优势和劣势。最后对乌兰布和沙漠旅游可持续发展的对策进行了探讨，并结合区情，提出了开发的具体措施，目的在于全面推进乌兰布和沙漠旅游业的发展。     

Developing alternative land-use scenarios to facilitate natural resource management across jurisdictional boundaries

Scenario planning is an effective approach for examining possible futures by exploring the implications and consequences of different policy responses to landscape stressors. We present here a case study that explores plausible futures of urban growth in Southern Nevada, USA that illustrates how scenario analysis can be used to inform region-wide resource management by spatially modeling drivers of change, resource impacts, and potential policy responses. Using a suite of energy, water and biodiversity impact models, we assess the outcomes of the various futures on priority resources, resulting in a clear basis of comparison between alternative policies and their potential outcomes. This case study demonstrates the utility of scenario modeling for natural resource management by exploring crucial policy decisions that might be made in the near-term that could have lasting and sometimes conflicting influences on regional resources over the long term.     

甘肃河西荒漠能源植物资源利用与产业化研究

从生物质能源开发利用意义开始,对河西地区的自然资源现状做了调查及分析,并对河西地区实施荒漠能源产业进行研究。分析了河西地区的自然环境特征、区域现状和人类不合理活动等多种因素作用下,自然资源出现的一系列问题;针对各类生态系统中存在的问题,提出了科学、合理的发展荒漠能源产业的对策建议。     

Prospects and Constraints of Desert Agriculture: Lessons from West Omdurman

Sudan is the largest country in Africa with an area of about 2.5 million km²; the country hosts a population of about 31 million people. About two-thirds of the country area is located within arid and semi-arid regions. Recently, especially during the last half of the previous century, these regions were subject to various forms of land degradation. This paper discusses the general prospects and constraints of desert agriculture. It also presents a detailed case study of West Omdurman, which is located in a semi-desert climatic zone. The ambitious plans to utilise the area for agricultural production were initiated because of the relatively fertile soil, availability of water and the proximity of the area to marketing and export centres. The paper discusses the different land use systems experienced in the area, reasons for failure are identified and possible remedies discussed. In addition, constraints facing the proposed West Omdurman Canal Project are also discussed. Finally, the paper reviews the major research findings of Rawakeeb Dryland Research Center with regard to promoting agricultural productivity.     

陕西大柳塔煤矿复垦地植被群落与土壤因子的关系

以陕北风沙区大柳塔煤矿的复垦地为研究对象,通过样方调查与土壤采集,调查复垦地人工植被的种类与多样性,并运用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了物种分布与土壤因子之间的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区内共发现植被11科20属21种。草本植被在区内占优势,其中豆科、菊科和藜科植被占种数的47.63%;草本植被以多年生为主,占调查种数的52.38%。(2)物种多样性测度表明,Simpon多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou均匀度指数均是草地>灌丛>林地;Simpon优势度指数的变化则是林地>灌丛>草地,说明人工草地的物种多样性最高,其次为灌丛,林地最低。(3)CCA排序结果显示,土壤有机质和粗沙含量是制约研究区人工植被分布的主要因子。此外,土壤中0~20 cm粘粉粒含量影响草本植被的分布;而40~60cm的土壤含水量对乔、灌木的分布影响显著。     

导弹橡胶密封件环境失效研究

针对高原荒漠与东南沿海的气候特点,分析了导弹橡胶密封件在温度、湿度、臭氧和盐雾环境下的失效机理,提出了其环境适应性研究的方案;结合部队武器装备使用的现状,提出了在恶劣环境下预防橡胶密封件失效的措施.     

钻井废弃泥浆用于沙漠改良的可行性研究

苏里格气田地处毛乌素沙漠,气候干旱,地表为荒漠或半荒漠草地。气田开发产生的钻井废弃泥浆具有高含水、有机质和粘粒的特点,可用来改良沙漠;利用具有肥效特征的处理剂处理废弃泥浆并用来改良沙漠,使土壤的理化性质大大改善,土壤有机质含量提高,植物株高、株重增加;土壤微生物的数量也大幅增加,有利于土壤生态系统的建立并形成良性循环。