指标计算法在环境经济损益分析中的应用

以上海市江桥和闸北2座生活垃圾焚烧厂建设项目为例,采用指标计算法对这2家在不同选址区的建设项目环境经济损益进行了分析。结果表明：江桥生活垃圾焚烧厂项目具有较好的环境经济效益,其环保年净效益为670．69万元,效费比达到1．10。闸北生活垃圾焚烧厂项目的环保年净效益为－764．48万元,效费比为0．64,说明其环境污染控制方案存在明显的不经济性。江桥生活垃圾焚烧厂已投入建设。指标法为2个项目的环境经济损益分析提供了货币量化。     

飞机炮击环境分析及模拟方法研究(下)

从飞机炮击环境的特性出发，指出GJB150．20－86窄带随机加宽带随机飞机炮振试验方法的局限性以及应用傅立叶分析方法分析炮击信号的不合理性，提出应用时－频联合分析方法进行炮击信号分析的可行性以及小波（Wavelet)分析技术用于炮击信号中确定性信号和非平稳随机信号分离的应用途径。最后，提出适用实验室炮击环境模拟的脉冲方法（Pulse Method)数学模型。     

星座图法在大气质量评价中的应用

利用星座图法进行大气质量评价,优化了路径权值的算法,得出的星座图在两维颊内具有同样模式距离接近和不同模式距拉开的特点。     

WATERSHED AND INSTREAM IMPACTS ON THE FISH POPULATION IN THE SOUTH FORK OF THE CLEARWATER RIVER,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis performed for the watershed and stream corridor in the South Fork of the Clearwater River (SFCR) basin, in north central Idaho. The analysis was performed for 61 six‐field hydrological unit codes (HUCs) of the SFCR basin using an extensive record (up to 100 years) for 50 watershed and in‐stream parameters, including hydrologic, flow, fish, anthropogenic, and natural activity data. The objective of this research was twofold: first, the development of quantitative relations that describe the Index of Fish Density (IFD) of particular fish species as a function of watershed and instream parameters; and second, to provide a robust confirmation for the effects of some of these parameters, previously recorded by the fisheries profession, by using well established statistical techniques. The uniqueness of this work is the compilation and statistical analysis of large data sets to quantitatively describe the impacts of watershed and instream parameters on the IFD of all salmonids and specific fish species. Factor analysis was employed to regroup parameters that are highly correlated to each other into a set of single factors and to relate the IFD to these factors. Using factor extraction, 12 factors were developed from the 50 watershed and instream parameters. Multiple regression diagnostic tests indicated that only 7 of the 12 factors are strong predictors offish indicators. The strongest predictors are longitude, latitude, elevation, watershed gradient, and water temperature. The analysis indicated that the present model has reasonable predictive power, considering the uncertainty involved in estimating the interdependence of IFD with watershed parameters.     

青岛近岸海域生态环境质量综合评价

基于国外近岸海域生态质量状况综合评价方法,结合国内海洋环境质量评价的研究现状,由生物、水质、沉积物指标和栖息地变化情况构成青岛近岸海域生态环境质量综合评价指标体系,并选取合适的评价模型,同时通过研究海域主要污染物的分布情况对评价结果进行反向验证。结果表明,青岛近岸海域生态质量状况综合评价等级为一般,受人为扰动的影响较大;该方法能够较好地反映主要的人为环境压力和风险因子,同时对潜在的污染因子有一定的预警作用。     

香港的空气污染指数预报

介绍了香港空气污染指数预报的方法和所取得的良好社会效果。通过香港空气污染指数预报的学习结合内地环境保护工作的情况，谈了几点体会。     

Development and Testing of a Physically Based Model of Streambank Erosion for Coupling with a Basin‐Scale Hydrologic Model SWAT

A comprehensive streambank erosion model based on excess shear stress has been developed and incorporated in the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). It takes into account processes such as weathering, vegetative cover, and channel meanders to adjust critical and effective stresses while estimating bank erosion. The streambank erosion model was tested for performance in the Cedar Creek watershed in north‐central Texas where streambank erosion rates are high. A Rapid Geomorphic field assessment (RAP‐M) of the Cedar Creek watershed was done adopting techniques developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and the stream segments were categorized into various severity classes. Based on the RAP‐M field assessment, erosion pin sites were established at seven locations within the severely eroding streambanks of the watershed. A Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to assess the sensitivity of different parameters that control streambank erosion such as critical shear stress, erodibility, weathering depth, and weathering duration. The sensitive parameters were adjusted and the model was calibrated based on the bank erosion severity category identified by the RAP‐M field assessment. The average observed erosion rates were in the range 25‐367 mm year^?1. The SWAT model was able to reasonably predict the bank erosion rates within the range of variability observed in the field (R² = 0.90; E = 0.78). Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

基于LMDI的长江中下游城市群污染排放强度分析

长江中下游城市群地区工业重化特征明显,工业水污染排放贡献超过10%,大气污染物占比更超过70%。本文采用迪氏对数指标分解法(LMDI)识别长江中下游城市群污染排放的主要影响因子,对长江中下游城市群重点行业COD、氨氮、SO_2、NO_x排放强度进行分析。将排放强度拆分为末端削减、技术工业和产品结构三个指标,分析2012—2020年和2020—2030年两个时间段内,对污染排放强度降低贡献度最高的影响因素。结果表明,末端削减和技术工艺对污染排放强度降低影响大,贡献值之和约为90%,两者分别代表末端处理技术对污染排放的削减程度,以及高附加值行业单位产值污染物产生水平;COD、SO_2和氨氮的排放强度由末端削减和技术工艺共同作用,NO_x的排放强度较高且未来末端削减水平进步小,未来需要重视该污染物的减排和治理。     

用电解法从富集氰化废液中回收铜的研究

叙述了从富集氰化废液中电解回收铜的试验研究结果。通过电极材料、电流密度、离子共沉积、游离氰、电解时间、温度和极间距等一系列试验,探索电解过程中各项最佳条件,为工业电解提供可靠的工艺参考。      

第三产业环境行为信息公开指标体系研究

随着第三产业的快速发展 ,其带来的环境污染也日趋严重 ,这给我国环境管理工作提出了新的挑战。本文探讨了一项新的环境管理手段———环境信息公开制度在第三产业环境管理中的应用 ,并就这项手段的指标体系做了初步的研究