武汉市耕地景观游憩功能与可达性的空间匹配格局

揭示耕地景观游憩功能的供给能力与其可达性的空间匹配格局,可以为耕地景观游憩功能的合理布局、开发与利用提供依据。以武汉市为例,采用指标评价法和专家打分法,结合GIS空间分析,建立了耕地景观游憩功能的空间格局研究框架,对耕地景观游憩功能的供应潜力、可达性、及两者空间匹配等方面开展了研究。结果表明:(1)武汉市耕地景观游憩功能供应潜力的空间分布呈现从中心城区边缘向外逐渐降低的格局;(2)武汉市耕地景观游憩功能可达性呈现"中西部高,边缘低"的分布格局;(3)根据耕地景观游憩功能的供应潜力与可达性的空间匹配关系,将武汉市耕地景观游憩服务分为四类:高供应-高可达,高供应-低可达,低供应-高可达,低供应-低可达;这四类面积分别占研究区域的26.17%、25.24%、17.33%、31.26%。对耕地景观游憩功能的合理开发与利用、促进耕地利用的多功能化具有重要的现实意义。     

A Graph Theory approach to measure the performance of sustainability enablers in a manufacturing organization

In a manufacturing organization, the term sustainability deals with the impact of production process and products on the environment and society, laying emphasis on preservation of scarce resources. In this article, the study concentrates on developing a Graph Theory model to measure the performance and inter-relationship between the sustainability enablers in an organization, thereby to quantitatively measure the extent to which ‘sustainable manufacturing’ practices are being followed in the organization. The objective of this study was to identify a set of sustainability enablers and attributes that impact a manufacturing organization. Digraphs were developed for the whole system and sub-systems depicting the inter-relationships and dependencies between various enablers and attributes to interpret the performance of the sustainability enablers in the case organization. Using the best case and worst case values, the level of sustainable manufacturing practices of the organization was found by Comprehensive Assessment Index. Based on the best case values, the relative significance of individual sustainability enablers are found and compared with worst case situations. The impacts of individual enablers on the overall sustainability level of the organization were also studied.     

布袋过滤除尘中气固两相流的格子Boltzmann模拟

使用格子Boltzmann方法对含尘气体通过布袋滤料纤维的流动进行了数值模拟,采用拉格朗日方法跟踪了颗粒相中每个粒子的位置和速度并进行单向耦合计算。分析了气流通过纤维捕集体过程中的压降的变化规律,结果与达西渗透定律吻合。与此同时,对粒径小于1μm的气溶胶粒子在布袋纤维捕集体上的沉积规律展开了讨论。结果表明,粒径小于0.01μm的粒子的捕集主要受粒子的布朗随机扩散效应的控制;粒径大于0.1μm的粒子则主要依靠纤维滤料的拦截作用而沉积在捕集体表面;而粒径在0.01～0.1μm范围的粒子则具有较低的捕集效率。模拟结果为研究袋式除尘的过滤机理提供了依据。     

黑龙江省入境旅游客源市场结构演变分析

运用转移—份额分析法(SSM)对2000-2009年黑龙江省入境旅游外国客源市场结构演变进行了分析.结果表明:①2000-2005年黑龙江省竞争力和增长率均较小,2005-2009年竞争力有所增强,但结构优势有所下降.②全省入境旅游客源市场结构在不断变化,将13个主要客源国分为兴旺市场、崛起市场、成熟市场和停滞市场,并提出相应的市场营销建议.     

重庆市多年空气污染指数分析及大气污染控制对策

本文分析了重庆市主城区2001～2003年的API指数,得出API分布及变化规律,结果显示大气污染变化规律受季节及气象因素影响,在此基础上,提出了重庆市主城区大气污染控制对策。     

嘉陵江流域植被覆盖时空变化特征

归一化植被指数(Normal Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)能够反映植被的繁茂程度,可用来揭示环境的演化,并且能在全球变化研究中起到“指示器”的作用。目前利用NDVI研究植被变化多集中于陕西、甘肃、新疆等地区,对嘉陵江流域的植被变化趋势及其影响因素研究很少。利用线性相关分析方法分析GIMMS NDVI数据,借助于地理信息系统软件,分析嘉陵江流域植被覆盖的时空变化规律。研究结果如下：（1）嘉陵江流域在1982～2006年植被覆盖呈微弱上升趋势,与我国其它地区一致,但增长速率大小不一样;（2）嘉陵江流域植被覆盖明显优于黄土高原、西北地区,存在明显的空间差异,南部地区小于北部地区;（3）植被变化也存在空间差异,南部地区多呈增加趋势,而北部地区多呈减少趋势;（4）嘉陵江流域植被覆盖及其变化与气候变化和人类活动均有密切关系。基于分析,发现嘉陵江流域在人类活动和气候变化的双重影响下,环境向有利的方向发展。     

总有机碳测定仪TOC-5000A与Aurora 1030W性能的比较

从仪器精密度、方法检出限、准确度、工作曲线线性范围等角度对总有机碳测定仪TOC-5000A(高温燃烧+非分散红外法)与Aurora 1030W(湿式氧化)的性能进行比较.研究结果显示,TOC-5000A方法检出限(0.535ppm)高于Aurora1030W(0.047ppm),且在较低有机碳浓度下(1ppm)精密度差于Aurora 1030W.但在较高有机碳浓度条件下(10ppm),TOC-5000A精密度优于Aurora 1030W.在不同水样中加入标准物质后计算方法回收率,两台仪器的测试结果均大于90%.在样品量较低的情况下,碳加入量与两台仪器响应值的线性关系均较差,响应因子随碳加入量的增加呈现显著降低的趋势,并分别在升至2μg(Aurora 1030W)与0.16μg(TOC-5000A)后达到稳定.     

农村环境质量监测与评价指标体系研究

总结了农村环境质量监测与评价研究现状,提出了农村环境质量监测布点原则与方案,在此基础上构建了更具针对性、灵活性的农村环境质量监测与评价指标体系。     

The Arctic Water Resource Vulnerability Index: An Integrated Assessment Tool for Community Resilience and Vulnerability with Respect to Freshwater

People in the Arctic face uncertainty in their daily lives as they contend with environmental changes at a range of scales from local to global. Freshwater is a critical resource to people, and although water resource indicators have been developed that operate from regional to global scales and for midlatitude to equatorial environments, no appropriate index exists for assessing the vulnerability of Arctic communities to changing water resources at the local scale. The Arctic Water Resource Vulnerability Index (AWRVI) is proposed as a tool that Arctic communities can use to assess their relative vulnerability-resilience to changes in their water resources from a variety of biophysical and socioeconomic processes. The AWRVI is based on a social-ecological systems perspective that includes physical and social indicators of change and is demonstrated in three case study communities/watersheds in Alaska. These results highlight the value of communities engaging in the process of using the AWRVI and the diagnostic capability of examining the suite of constituent physical and social scores rather than the total AWRVI score alone.     

原子荧光法测定水中砷监测质量控制指标研究

通过全国多家实验室测定的大量监测数据研究了原子荧光法测定水中砷的质量控制指标,并与《水和废水监测分析方法》(第4版)中的相关指标进行了比较,旨在为环境监测工作提供质量控制依据和质量控制指标。研究表明,标准样品实验室内相对偏差的控制范围为小于等于4%;浓度小于0.05 mg/L的实际样品的相对偏差小于等于10%,浓度大于等于0.05 mg/L时相对偏差小于等于5%。实验室间相对偏差的控制范围为小于等于10%。相对误差一般控制在±15%以内,加标回收率为90%～110%。