新的污染物环境危害评价指标——超标强度

污染物的危害程度不仅与超标率和超标倍数有关,而且与污染物超标持续时间有关。同样高的污染物浓度,如果其持续时间长短不同,其对环境的生态效应是不同的。为此,在充分分析超标率、超标倍数所存在缺陷的基础上,通过实例分析对比,以直观图解的方式提出了一套新的污染物环境危害评价指标体系——超标强度指标体系。超标强度指标体系中涉及的主要概念和指标有标准面积、超标面积、超标持续时间、超标强度和综合超标强度。在阐述了各指标的概念含义和计算方法后,以同一组监测数据为例,用超标率和超标倍数与超标强度指标进行了对比评价。结果表明,用超标强度及其指标体系可以科学、准确区分和评判超标率、超标倍数指标体系所不能区分和评判的真实存在的客观事实,而且非常精确地给出了污染物超标持续时间。超标强度指标所涵盖的内容比超标率和超标倍数更丰富,评价的结果更准确,所反映的生态环境质量状况更客观准确、科学真实。超标持续时间表明了污染物超标状态的持续时间。     

Excel在确定监测方法重复性与再现性中的运用

依据《测量方法与结果的准确度(正确度与精密度)第二部分:确定标准测量方法重复性与再现性的基本方法》(GB/T 6379.2-2004),用事例给出了在实验室数据剔除或缺失时,确定监测方法重复性与再现性的Excel计算表和公式。     

监测分析方法验证数据异常值的处理

以《固体废物痕量金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法》编制说明(征求意见稿)中精密度数据为例,方法标准编制单位在处理方法验证数据时,应按照《GB/T 6379.2—2004》离群值剔除方法处理异常数据,避免重复性限r和再现性限R计算错误。     

Linking empirical estimates of body burden of environmental chemicals and wellness using NHANES data

Biomonitoring of industrial chemicals in human tissues and fluids has shown that all people carry a “body burden” of synthetic chemicals. Although measurement of an environmental chemical in a person's tissues/fluids is an indication of exposure, it does not necessarily mean the exposure concentration is sufficient to cause an adverse effect. Since humans are exposed to multiple chemicals, there may be a combination effect (e.g., additive, synergistic) associated with low-level exposures to multiple classes of contaminants, which may impact a variety of organ systems. The objective of this research is to link measures of body burden of environmental chemicals and a “holistic” measure of wellness. The approach is demonstrated using biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Forty-two chemicals were selected for analysis based on their detection levels. Six biological pathway-specific indices were evaluated using groups of chemicals associated with each pathway. Five of the six pathways were negatively associated with wellness. Three non-zero interaction terms were detected which may provide empirical evidence of crosstalk across pathways. The approach identified five of the 42 chemicals from a variety of classes (metals, pesticides, furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) as accounting for 71% of the weight linking body burden to wellness. Significant interactions were detected indicating the effect of smoking is exacerbated by body burden of environmental chemicals. Use of a holistic index on both sides of the exposure-health equation is a novel and promising empirical “systems biology” approach to risk evaluation of complex environmental exposures.     

综合评价室内空气质量初探

阐述了现行室内空气质量评价方法存在的不足,通过分析比较,确定了利用计权型多因子环境质量评价指数进行室内空气质量的综合评价方法.根据当前由于室内装修引起的室内空气污染特点,选择了甲醛、氨气、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和总挥发性有机物等6项指标作为评价因子,各评价因子的权重系数用其危害等级计算得到.     

沈阳市浑南新区规划环境影响评价程序与方法

以浑南新区规划的战略环境评价研究为例 ,对区域规划战略环境评价的评价程序及技术方法进行介绍。     

层次分析法在城市环境规划指标体系研究中的应用

以秦皇岛市环境规划指标体系研究为例,运用层次分析法,结合专家咨询,计算出了目前常用的5大类、62个单项指标的权值。并在此基础上进行了指标的筛选,确定了指标体系方案。      

城市大气环境质量评价模糊识别理论模型

本文提出一种新的大气环境质量评价理论模型——模糊识别模型。提出了大气质量评价的指标综合权重矩阵概念及其确定方法。      

国内含油水样采集方法分析

综述了目前国内报道的几种测定油含量的水样采集设备及方法,评述了其优缺点,提出了设计思想及展望。     

开发区工业用水量预测方法研究

本文阐述了开发区环境影响评价过程中开发区工业用水量预测的重要性及存在的问题,采用综合指标法和行业用水系数法分别计算了某开发区的现状用水量和规划期间的用水量,行业用水系数法的预测结果与现状吻合较好。对比分析了两种方法的依据、原理及优缺点,行业用水系数法的依据数据更新快,方法适应性好,且逐渐得到认可,推荐采用行业用水系数法进行开发区工业用水量的预测。