一种监控煤矿轴流风机喘振的方法

分析了轴流风机喘振的产生、特性及其造成的危害;研究了轴流风机喘振监控的工作原理,即以压力传感器和控制电路为核心元件组成喘振监测装置,通过数字显示、声光报警及断电等形式监控轴流风机的运行状态;论述了喘振监测装置、喘振保护值的设置、安装及喘振监测装置的性能试验方法;介绍了轴流风机喘振时的现象及应急措施,为监控轴流风机的安全可靠的运行提供了可借鉴的经验。     

图像型火灾火焰探测原理

根据火灾火焰的颜色特性、闪烁频率特性、形态变化特性及其发生发展在图像上所表现出来的趋势特征,设计分析了图像型火灾火焰的序列帧识别原理,并结合工程应用的分类特性,论述了图像型火灾火焰的干扰及其使用图像的小块分割算法和外形判断的干扰排除方法.     

A Disturbance Index for Karst Environments

Karst environments, unique from other environments, require their own disturbance index. Karst resources are increasingly disturbed by a variety of processes related to social, physical, and economic factors. Recent studies have begun to qualify and quantify these disturbances, yet their focus has been limited to one or two factors such as biotic, geomorphic, or economic impacts. A more holistic approach, addressing economic, scientific, and cultural factors, is needed, to effectively assess the threats to karst areas. Currently, there is no efficient method to measure, compare, and contrast the disturbance of karst environments. We propose a hierarchal and standardized environmental disturbance index as a tool to measure regional impacts and highlight the areas of the karst system that require more protection or study. Addressed categories of disturbance include cultural, biotic, atmospheric, hydrological, and geomorphologic impacts.     

高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价方法

火灾风险评价是减小和控制高层建筑火灾的基本手段。目前 ,高层建筑火灾风险的评价方法很多 ,但是很少有将概率方法与模糊评价方法相结合进行火灾风险评价的。笔者基于对高层建筑火灾风险因素的综合分析 ,建立了高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价模型 ,并以具体的工程实例 ,论述了该数学模型在高层建筑火灾风险评价中的应用 ,目的在于为高层建筑火灾风险评价方法的研究提供一种新的尝试 ,为采取合理的火灾防治技术措施在理论上、方法上提供有益的指导。     

秦皇岛旅游生态环境功能分区及评价指标体系

本文根据秦皇岛旅游生态环境的特点,对秦皇岛旅游生态环境进行了功能分区,并提出了实现秦皇岛旅游可持续发展的旅游生态环境评价指标体系。     

水田开发渗透抑制的“破碎碾压工法”的基本原理及其应用——日本火山灰土壤水田开发实践和中国砂质土壤室内外研究成果简介

介绍日本早在６０年代初期火山灰土壤水田开发实践中由岩手大学的研究者们创造和发展的“破碎碾压工法”的基本原理及其应用，并对最近中国砂质土壤渗透抑制的室内外研究结果进行了简单介绍，目的是为漏水性土壤地区水田开发以及土壤防渗工程措施提供借鉴。     

Validation and global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method for fenamidone analysis in grapes and wines

Fenamidone is an imidazolinone fungicide recently introduced in viticulture practices. This work reports the validation and assessment of global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method to analyze fenamidone in grapes and wines. This method consists in a simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction step followed by chromatographic determination. Limits of detection for fenamidone in grapes and wines were, respectively, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/L, precision was below 9.4% and average recovery was 89 ± 5%. In the concentration range from 0.05 to 1.00 mg/kg (or mg/L) of fenamidone, global uncertainty calculated following the EURACHEM/CITAC rules, and also by the Horwitz function, was below 25%. The EURACHEM/CITAC global uncertainty budget used gave lower estimates than those obtained from the Horwitz function.     

Hydrologic Effects of NDVI Time Series in a Context of Climatic Variability in an Upstream Catchment of the Minjiang River1

Abstract: Increasing regional vegetation activity has been frequently found especially in middle and high latitude and alpine areas, but the effects of which on regional hydrology is still highly uncertain. The Upstream Catchment of Minjiang River is a large mountainous catchment covering 22,919 km² with a diverse vegetation distribution pattern, including alpine group (A), subalpine group (SA), and temperate and subtropical group (T/ST). The Seasonal Mann‐Kendall test, a nonparametric trend test method, detected consistent upward trends in all groups in monthly accumulated growing degree days (AGDD_M) time series from 1982 to 2003, but no significant trend in mean monthly precipitation (MMP) time series in any group. The alpine group had a significant (p = 0.024) upward trend in monthly Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from 1982 to 2003, in contrast, the SA and T/ST groups had decreasing (although not significant) trends. AGDD_M plays more important role than MMP in affecting NDVI change in alpine areas, indicating temperature was the main climatic driver. In contrast, water was the main driver for the T/ST group, as indicated by the significant correlation between NDVI and MMP and a weak correlation with AGDD_M. Correlation coefficients of NDVI and river flow varied with seasons, mostly negative, especially during the growing season (April to October). A significant (p = 0.025) correlation was found only in August, indicating that an increase in peak‐NDVI decreased high flow significantly. TI‐NDVI_c, which was developed in an attempt to track the vegetation change at the catchment scale, accounted for more than 40% of the evapotranspiration increase (r² = 0.43).     

标识指数法在河流水质评价中的应用

水体质量评价已成为当前开展水环境规划管理,以及污染综合防治方面所不可缺少的基础工作.本文在对河流水质现状评价系统的调研分析和对水质状况全面了解的基础上,通过与传统的综合指数水质评价法的对比,采用一种全新的水质标识指数法对上海市苏州河支流之一彭越浦河1993～2003年10年间监测数据进行了综合分析.并对水质标识指数法在河流水质评价中的应用方法、优缺点进行了探讨.结果表明,与综合指数评价法的应用进行的比较,水质标识指数法反映的河流水质信息更多、更客观,值得进一步推广.     

Estimating willingness to pay for a hypothetical earthquake early warning systems

The development of reliable, accessible, and transparent earthquake early warning systems (EEWSs) for disaster reduction have been given increased priority at local, national, and international levels. Accurately quantifying the social and economic benefits accrued to households and businesses from EEWSs are a challenging and difficult task. In this paper, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is used to evaluate the benefits of a hypothetical EEWS to the citizens of Tehran Metropolitan. This study clarifies public willingness to pay (WTP) for EEWS in Tehran, and the dominant factors involved in WTP through a CVM analysis. The survey, completed by more than 504 households, showed that on average households are willing to pay 367,471 Rials (~38 US$) per month for the hypothetical EEWS. Those willing to pay the most for EEWS are households, which currently possess a fire alarm. Also the more educated the respondents and the more children the respondents have, the more willing they are to pay for EEWS. These results could be used by policy makers and technology firms in order to determine the optimal investments in early warning systems for earthquake disaster reduction.