关于重量法测定硫酸盐化速率的不确定度分析

碳酸钾溶液浸渍过的玻璃纤维滤膜曝露于空气中,与空气中的二氧化硫、硫酸雾、硫化氢等发生反应,生成硫酸盐。测定生成的硫酸盐含量,计算硫酸盐化速率。不确定度的来源主要包括:样品重复性分析、电子天平称量等。评定结果为硫酸盐化速率的不确定度(2.90±0.06)(SO3),mg/(100cm2碱片·d),k=2。     

泰来县庄园式治沙做法及效益浅析

黑龙江省西部泰来县在典型风沙干旱区,环境极其恶劣的沙带上,通过多年的探索和实践,已创建了庄园式生态经济型治沙的有效成功模式,明显地改善了当地生产、生存、生态环境,同时取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.     

Response of Fish and Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Indices to Water Chemistry in a Mined Appalachian Watershed

Multimetric indices based on fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages are commonly used to assess the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. However, their response to specific stressors is rarely known. We quantified the response of a fish-based index (Mid-Atlantic Highlands Index of Biotic Integrity, MAH-IBI) and a benthic invertebrate-based index (West Virginia Stream Condition Index, WV-SCI) to acid mine drainage (AMD)-related stressors in 46 stream sites within the Cheat River watershed, West Virginia. We also identified specific stressor concentrations at which biological impairment was always or never observed. Water chemistry was extremely variable among tributaries of the Cheat River, and the WV-SCI was highly responsive across a range of AMD stressor levels. Furthermore, impairment to macroinvertebrate communities was observed at relatively low stressor concentrations, especially when compared to state water quality standards. In contrast to the WV-SCI, we found that the MAH-IBI was significantly less responsive to local water quality conditions. Low fish diversity was observed in several streams that possessed relatively good water quality. This pattern was especially pronounced in highly degraded subwatersheds, suggesting that regional conditions may have a strong influence on fish assemblages in this system. Our results indicate that biomonitoring programs in mined watersheds should include both benthic invertebrates, which are consistent indicators of local conditions, and fishes, which may be indicators of regional conditions. In addition, remediation programs must address the full suite of chemical constituents in AMD and focus on improving linkages among streams within drainage networks to ensure recovery of invertebrate and fish assemblages. Future research should identify the precise chemical conditions necessary to maintain biological integrity in mined Appalachian watersheds.     

福建省生产废水和生活污水污染物排放的驱动力及其时空分异

采用对数平均迪氏指数方法,区分生产和生活两个体系,构建时空分解分析模型,追踪了福建省9个设区市2011—2019年水污染物排放变化的关键驱动力及其贡献的时空差异.结果显示：研究期内福建省工业废水污染物排放持续减少,并且各驱动力贡献的区域差距明显变小,趋于平衡;生活污水污染物排放量仍保持高位,各驱动力贡献的区域差距基本保持不变.其中,经济规模扩张是福建省水污染物排放的主导驱动力,主要源于福州、厦门、泉州经济赶超发展影响;城镇化发展对区域生活污水污染物排放的驱动影响表现为增排效应,以福州和厦门尤为显著;工业化发展对区域工业废水污染物排放的影响效应由正驱动逐渐转变为负驱动,这主要归功于三明和泉州产业结构调整优化的拉动 效应;技术效应一直是福建省水污染物排放控制的重要驱动力,但部分地区已逐渐步入生活污染物技术减排攻坚期.     

大功率中短波广播天线电磁辐射的预测与防护

随着城镇密集度越来越高,大功率电磁辐射设备如大功率中短波天线不可避免的与建筑越来越近,因而对室内的电磁环境污染逐步加剧。电磁辐射造成的危害通常包括对人体健康的危害(健康效应)和干扰其他电磁设备而造成严重后果(电磁干扰)。针对大功率中短波天线造成的电磁环境污染问题,提出一套远场条件下电磁辐射的预测方法并成功预测了一个典型大功率中短波天线群附近的拟建项目区域的电磁环境,在此基础上,提出有效的针对拟建项目的电磁防护方案。     

Modeling Flow Through a One-Dimensional Multi-Layered Soil Profile Using the Method of Lines

The vertical flow of water through horizontal layers of soil is considered using the Method of Lines. Continuity of mass principles are used to develop the interface boundary conditions, by introducing fictitious points at the interface, and the boundary conditions are handled using explicit and iterative approximations. Both the pressure based, and the water content based forms of Richards' equation are solved using the Method of Lines. The solutions obtained are compared with some particular analytic solutions obtained from the literature, and the results show that good accuracy can be achieved. It is also shown that the water content model can handle a large discontinuity at the interface when compared against the analytical solution. This result is also confirmed against a numerical example from the literature, and was effective for relatively dry initial conditions.     

关于建立自然灾害评估系统的总体构思

本文对建立自然灾害评估系统的总体构思进行了初步的探讨,其中包括自然灾害评估指标系统;灾害评估的分类和程序;自然灾害评估的基础工作;自然灾害评估的主要手段;自然灾害评估系统的模式和灾害数据库的建立。     

长江三角洲城市旅游与城市发展协调性及影响因素

城市旅游业作为城市服务业的重要部门,是推动城市发展的后续动力。运用信息熵赋权法和TOPSIS法相结合,从经济水平、社会发展、公共交通、城市绿化、环境保护、旅游发展6个方面对长江三角洲2003年和2008年的城市旅游与城市发展的协调性进行分析,借助ArcGIS软件的空间聚类法分析了城市旅游与城市发展协调水平的空间格局及演变,最后探讨影响因素。结果表明:长江三角洲16城市的城市旅游协调水平在研究期间相对稳定,具体可被划分为4个等级,第一、二等级城市数量较少,得分显著高于第三、四等级城市。城市旅游协调水平空间上存在较大差异,北部城市得分高于南部城市,基本格局保持稳定,呈现以上海、南京、杭州三个城市为核心向外围边缘城市的空间衰减。产业发展、城市旅游发展模式、城市旅游重大项目投资、区位条件是长江三角洲城市旅游协调水平产生空间分化的主要影响因素,可制定以城市旅游发展为手段的方式推动城市发展,促进区域均衡发展。     

圆管空拔壁厚变化分析

此文利用主应力法推导出圆管空拔壁厚变化量解析式。该式计算结果与以定常三维流动上界解析同类问题结果相接近,且表达式简单,也与拔管的实验结果相一致。因而,可在圆管空拔壁厚计算时推广应用。     

滑坡稳定性计算中剩余推力法和简布法

从剩余推力法和简布法基本原理出发．分析了两种计算方法的不同假设条件,并结合实例,对滑坡稳定性进行了计算,最后对两种计算结果进行了分析与比较,得出了剩余推力法计算的稳定性系数总是比简布法计算的要偏大、用剩余推力法计算稳定性时水的影响比地震要稍大以及用简布法计算稳定性时水的影响比地震要稍小的结论。