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241.
Robert R. Lansford Shaul Ben-David Fred Roach Bobby J. Creel Thomas H. Stevens Raymond J. Supalla Lynn Gelhar William D. Gorman Richard W. Mead Donald B. Wilson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(6):1589-1601
ABSTRACT: The economic feasibility of a large scale dual purpose (desalting water and power production) facility were evaluated. Although a site in the Tularosa basin of southern New Mexico was chosen as a case study for this analysis, it is believed that the approach and consequential results would be applicable to alternative sites in the Southwest. The basic project evaluated included: a) a ground water well field; b) a dual purpose, nuclear, desalination plant; c) a mineral recovery plant; and d) a reservoir for recreation and irrigation storage. Principle project outputs included electrical power, minerals, recreation, and water for either irrigated agricultural production or export to an adjoining river basin. Two alternative project designs were developed for detailed analysis. The first alternative encompassed all major project components. The results, in discounted net values used to assess the feasibility of the project, were essentially negative; that is, values were less than zero for full scale development. The net benefits ranged from $-986.57 million at a 5 percent discount rate, to $-1,137.528 million at a discount rate of 10 percent. In the second alternative, exportation of the desalted water from the Tularosa basin to two adjacent rivers was analyzed with somewhat better net benefits, ranging from $-382,527 million to $-478,612 million at the 5 and 10 percent discount rates. 相似文献
242.
Elwyn S. Krous Joseph P. Wagner Harold L. Parkinson Milton S. Sachs 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(4):810-822
ABSTRACT .A case study was performed to evaluate potential applications of desalted saline water for agriculture using 2 distillation type processes and 2 membrane type processes. The investigation determined the costs and benefits associated with desalting saline water at concentrations of 1,500, 900, 400, 200, and 50 ppm. Benefits from desalting are generated by shifts to more profitable crops, reduced costs for drainage, and reduction in fertilizer and labor requirements with better quality water. Costs are based on the project features such as desalting plants, raw water diversion facilities, storage reservoirs, conveyance and distribution systems, brine disposal, blending facilities, and gypsum addition systems. Hydrologic studies determined the crop irrigation requirements, water demand schedules, desalted water storage requirements, brine disposal requirements, and size of facilities required. Reconnaissance design layouts were made for producing desalted water using a combination of 14 schemes. The study also included a review of irrigation practices. The benefit-cost ratios range from 0.4 to 1.0 for 1,500 ppm irrigation water to 0.8 to 1.0 for 50 and 200 ppm water. Investment costs per acre are high, ranging from $12,900 to $20,900. Irrigation benefits are based on the increase in production from a desert condition with no water supply to the irrigation conditions studied. 相似文献
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244.
我国废电池的回收与处理 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文详细介绍了国内外常见的各种废电池的种类、有害成分,处理方法,分析了目前我国在度电池回收处理过程中所存在的诸多问题,并有针对性的提出建议。 相似文献
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246.
Omar S. Abu-Rizaiza Rahman Hammadur 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(4):855-863
ABSTRACT: Extensive use is made of on-site wastewater disposal systems of cesspools due to the absence of a sanitary sewerage system in Saudi urban areas. This system has caused the groundwater table to rise to a public nuisance level. A health risk has also evolved. There are several infrastructural, environmental, and social impacts from this, resulting in great financial losses. Examples are: surface water flooding, damage to foundations of buildings and asphalt street pavements, flooded basements and added construction costs required for excavation, dewatering, insulation materials, and special cements. Most of these costs are indirectly being paid by the private and public sectors. This study compares the estimated costs of damage and losses with the estimated costs of building, operating, and maintaining sanitary sewerage systems in the cesspool-served areas. The annual cost of the cesspool system, depending on the severity of the adverse impacts, ranges from 2.2 to 4.4 times the annual cost of the sanitary sewerage system. Remedies for these impacts are very expensive, and delays in the implementation of the sanitary sewerage facility will make the damage recovery more expensive, and in some cases, impossible. Thus, it is recommended that highest priority to be given to the sanitary sewerage systems in Saudi urban areas. 相似文献
247.
化学混凝-催化氧化法处理钻井污水 总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19
由于钻井污水经混凝处理后仍存在COD、色度超标问题,因此需采用其他方法深度处理污水。故采用混凝-催化氧化法工艺处理钻井污水,混凝剂为硫酸铁或聚合硫酸铁,混凝剂加量一般为2000mg/L,初始pH值为3.0~5.0,氧化时间为3h等。通过实验结果可知:该方法完全能满足钻井污水处理的要求,处理后出水可达标外排。化学混凝-催化氧化处理工艺是解决高浓度钻井污水处理COD、色度超标的重要途径,在技术经济上是可行的,具有广阔的应用前景 相似文献
248.
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250.
浅谈锡山市垃圾堆肥处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据锡山市垃圾的现状和特点,采用堆肥法处理垃圾,收到良好的环境和效益和社会经济效益。 相似文献