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排序方式: 共有468条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Incidence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in central air conditioner filter dust from a new office building 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study examined polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in central air conditioner filter (CACF) dust from a new office building in Shenzhen, China. Human exposure to PBDE via dust inhalation and ingestion were also estimated. PBDEs level in CACF dust was lower than those in the other countries and regions. Approximately 0.671 pg/kg bw/day PM2.5 (Particulate Matter up to 2.5 μm in size) bounded Σ15PBDEs can be inhaled deep into the lungs and 4.123 pg/kg bw/day PM10 (Particulate Matter up to 10 μm in size) bounded Σ15PBDEs tend to be deposited in the upper parts of the respiratory system. The average total intake of Σ15PBDEs via dust inhalation and ingestion for adults reached ∼141 pg/kg bw/day in this building. This value was far below the reference dose (RfD) recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency. Human exposure to PBDEs via dust inhalation and ingestion in the new building is less than the old ones. 相似文献
32.
Steen Solvang Jensen Tim Larson K.C. Deepti Joel D. Kaufman 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(30):4544-4556
We evaluated the Danish AirGIS air quality and exposure model system using air quality measurement data from New York City in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Measurements were used from three US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) monitoring stations and a comprehensive MESA Air measurement campaign including about 150 different locations and about 650 samples of about 2 week measurements of NOx, NO2 and PM2.5. AirGIS is a deterministic exposure model system based on the dispersion models Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) and the Urban Background Model (UBM). The UBM model reproduced the annual levels within 1–26% depending on station and pollutant at the three urban background EPA monitor stations, and generally reproduced well the seasonal and diurnal variation. The full model with OSPM and UBM reproduced the MESA Air measurements with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.51 for NOx, r2 = 0.28 for NO2 and r2 = 0.73 for PM2.5. 相似文献
33.
Globally, the issue of energy use and climate change is at the forefront of many national and international agendas, and also an issue central to children's lives and well-being. This paper examines how children are both affected by and contribute to the problems associated with unsustainable energy use as it relates to the growth of car dependent lives. The paper presents the findings of a study of travel as it relates to the everyday lives of children in the city of Dunedin in New Zealand. The study found that children currently lead complex car dependent lives. This extensive car reliance presents a serious and largely unrecognised challenge to the sustainable planning and management of the urban environment. The move towards more sustainable transportation can bring benefits for both the environment and for children's lives. 相似文献
34.
Ali Tighnavard Balasbaneh Abdul Kadir Bin Marsono 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2017,10(3):176-184
The building sector has been regarded as a potential sector where there is large capacity to reduce the climate change effect. This study has proposed solutions to mitigate environmental impacts and achieve low CO2 emission from residential sector. Therefore, full life cycle assessment (LCA) has been run to assess the CO2 emission and its effect on the atmosphere and climate change. Based on the result, timber scheme is the best choice due to releasing less CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. However, house builders in Malaysia have almost completely neglected timber as a building material, with timber use as building components reduced to 5%. In this study, LCA Software was used to assess CO2 emissions from different wall construction. The alternative building scheme has been made by reinforce steel stud, wooden beam and timber wall (S8) to improve the scheme deficiency while releasing less CO2 emissions compared to other schemes. Therefore, S8 has a decreased CO2 effect by 85% less than precast concrete frame and 90% less than brick over their lifetime. (S8) increased the load bearing compared to conventional timber beam. Thus, new scheme S8 could be replaced by current scheme and promote more adjustable scheme for Malaysian housing. 相似文献
35.
Parakkatt Parambil Leena Vasudevan Anil Kumar Kundan. K. Dani Sunil. M. Sombawne Palani Murugavel Govindan Pandithurai 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(4):652-664
The formation of ultrafine particles, their growth, and associated characteristic features has been studied during new particle formation events over a high-altitude station of the Western Ghats during the 2014 post-monsoon season. Most of the events were observed during noon time where particle bursts in the nucleation-mode size range from 5 to 25 nm followed by sustained growth in size. This phenomenon persists for ~4–8 h with a growth rate of 1–2 nm h–1. Peak concentrations of nucleation-mode particles during the event generally vary from 2300 to 5000 cm–3. The mean growth rate is 1.4 ± 0.42 nm h–1, particle formation rate is 1.14 ± 0.22 cm–3 s–1, coagulation sink is 0.35 ± 0.22 cm–3 s–1, and condensational sink is 15.4 ± 2.6?×?10–3 s–1. All these values are comparable with earlier results from Indian region. Comparison of size-segregated particle number concentration during days of new particle formation events and those without new particle formation were carried out showing a distinct variation in nucleation and Aitken mode with least variability associated with the accumulation mode. 相似文献
36.
Impacts on industry of Europe's emerging chemicals policy REACh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For Europe, a new regime in chemicals regulation is about to start. After the proposal of the European Commission concerning the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh) passed its readings in the European Parliament and some differences with the European Council of Ministers were resolved, the regulation will come into force in June 2007. This paper is focused on the question how serious the cost burdens for industry induced by REACh will be, and whether the New European Member States (NMS) which joined the European Union in May 2004 will be able to cope with the regulation. This evaluation has been done by assessing the legislative, administrative and economic framework in New Member States and by analysing real business cases in companies. The empirical showcase business impact studies are at the same time of interest for companies of EU-15 states, other European countries who may implement the regulation, and even for exporters of raw materials and chemicals outside Europe, who will also have to comply with REACh if they market in the European Community. The results give no indications that REACh adoption will bring significant drawbacks to companies in the NMS. The emerging regulation will bring challenges for individual companies, especially for small and medium-sized ones, but for the European chemical industry as a whole, there is no question that it will be able to cope with REACh burdens without losing its global competitiveness. 相似文献
37.
Mark R. Stevens Philip R. Berke Yan Song 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2008,51(6):737-757
Research suggests that characteristics of local government land-use planners help determine the priority that local communities place on flood hazard mitigation. However, research has not examined the significance of land-use planners' values and role orientations for flood hazard mitigation. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the influence that land-use planners' values and role orientations have on flood hazard mitigation in a national sample of New Urbanist development projects. Findings indicate that land-use planners' values and role orientations have significant implications for flood hazard mitigation in these projects. The paper recommends that local governments adopt a land-use planning approach to flood hazard mitigation that relies on land-use planners to help direct development away from hazardous portions of development sites. 相似文献
38.
Foran J. Brosnan T. Connor M. Delfino J. DePinto J. Dickson K. Humphrey H. Novotny V. Smith R. Sobsey M. Stehman S. 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,62(2):147-167
The International Life SciencesInstitute (ILSI) Risk Science Institute (RSI) convenedan expert panel of scientists to developrecommendations for a comprehensive monitoring programfor the Croton and Catskill/Delaware watersheds, whichprovide drinking water to New York City's residents. This effort was conducted as part of efforts topreserve and enhance the quality of New York City'sreservoir system through a watershed protectionprogram. The panel developed recommendations for astrategic framework on which to construct a monitoringprogram. As part of this activity, the paneldetermined whether existing monitoring activities weredeficient and, where activities were deficient, thepanel developed recommendations for additionalinformation that should be collected.The panel recommended the development and use of anintegrated approach to watershed monitoring, whichdraws on modeling, risk-based planning and analysis,statistical sampling and design, and basic compliancemonitoring. The approach should be designed toprovide an assessment of natural and anthropogenicsources of stress to the system as well as anassessment of water quality trends in response tostresses acting in concert, both over the long termand over the five-year New York City Memorandum ofAgreement (MOA) assessment time frame. It should alsoprovide an assessment of the human health andenvironmental risks posed by a variety of stressors,and the impact of management actions implemented toameliorate stressors. 相似文献
39.
ABSTRACT: Local governments often face environmental problems that cross political boundaries. The onus for solution usually falls on the moat severely affected jurisdiction, others do nothing until impacted. Resolution of these problems requires cooperation across political boundaries which means that local governments must be persuaded first that there is a problem, and second that action is required to solve it. This paper presents a method to supply low cost, credible information that can be used to achieve consensus on problem solution. A case study of a lake water quality management problem is described. Formative evaluation techniques was adapted to provide a minimum of evidence which was then used to persuade less impacted local jurisdictions to cooperate in the problem solution. 相似文献
40.
Numerical site-specific chemical and biological criteria were established to assess the impact of a pilot dredging project
on water quality at the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA, Superfund site. Because most existing chemical concentrations
in the water column and indigenous biota exceeded federal and state water quality limits, the derivation of site-specific
criteria was required. Prior to any operational phases of the project (i.e., dike construction, dredging), criteria values
were developed from background concentrations of PCBs and metals in water and biota, as well as for the toxic effects of water
quality on the biota. During each operational phase of the project, water samples were collected, analyzed within 16 h, and
the data supplied to a management committee in order to assess the environmental impact of the previous days' operation. The
ambient unfiltered water concentration of PCBs and metals were the only chemical or biological criteria exceeded. Modification
of the next days' operations resulted in a return of these concentrations to background levels. The combined use of site-specific
criteria and a real-time decision making management process allowed for successful completion of this project with a minimal
effect on water quality. 相似文献