关于粘胶纤维生产中的废气治理

通过化纤厂粘胶纤维生产中废气治理实践，提出了粘胶纤维生产中废气治理的新工艺方法．利用该法Ｈ２Ｓ去除率达９８％，ＣＳ２回收率接近７０％，ＣＳ２外排浓度为３０～４０ｍｇ／ｍ３，符合国家排放标准（４０ｍｇ／ｍ３）．     

浦东新区工业结构的多目标优化研究

从经验和环境协调发展角度出发，用改进的多目标规划法研究浦东新区工业结构优化调整。以１９８９年为基准年，根据该年资料选取经济和环境影响较显著的十三个主要待业的产值为决策变量，设定调整目标，建立规划模型，并按照污染量增加率的不同设计方案。经过计算机数学模拟，提出既满足经济要求，又使污染量增加率尽可能降低的优化方案，将工业结构调整与污染控制结合起来，确定２０００年规划年份的浦东新区工业结构优化。     

深圳市大鹏新区生态保护红线划定技术方法研究

生态保护红线是环境保护管理方法的一种创新,目前的研究多是针对生态功能和敏感性划定空间红线,对环境质量和资源承载能力的考虑相对较少.本文以深圳市大鹏新区为研究对象,在保障区域生态红线的性质不变、功能不降和面积不减的基础上,分别从环境质量红线、生态功能保障红线和资源利用3个方面开展生态保护红线的划分.结果表明:生态功能保障红线与生态控制线基本吻合,环境质量红线包括水环境容量利用红线和大气环境容量红线,其中,水环境容量红线为CODCr、NH3-N、TN和TP可利用的环境容量,分别为720.5、36.4、67.5和6.67t·a-1;大气环境容量红线为轨道交通分担50%的运力时,机动车为20000辆·d-1.资源利用红线为大鹏新区的最适旅游承载力,为18555人次·d-1,即677.3万人次·a-1.划分结果较好地反映了大鹏新区经济发展的自然和环境制约,可以为大鹏当地经济发展和环境保护管理提供相应的技术支持.     

中国安全爆破工程面临的新课题

通过对国内安全爆破工程理论与实践的现状的分析 ,探讨了中国安全爆破工程的发展方向及前景 ,提出了新世纪安全爆破工程面临的新课题。     

Adaptation of Russian agriculture to climatic variability: The role of federal and provincial policies

This paper draws on the example of Tyumen Province, a federal subject of the Russian Federation, to explore the role that policies play in hindering agricultural producers’ adaptation to climate change. Its objective is to contribute to a better understanding of maladaptation at the policy level. The discourse analysis method is used to explain perceptions of climate variability in Tyumen Province and its impact on agriculture. The document analysis method is used to assess agricultural policy in Tyumen Province and its implications for producers’ adaptation to climate change. The results suggest that although agricultural producers and policymakers are acutely aware both of climate variability and the resulting loss of agricultural output, provincial agricultural policy generally fails to encourage better adaptation by agricultural producers or to support their greater economic security. Instead, it primarily focuses on meeting food production targets and thus limits the producers’ own independent moves towards adaptation. The phenomenon of maladaptation at the policy level is discussed in consideration of the general public’s and the authorities’ awareness of climate change and climate variability, and the role of science in shaping this awareness.     

大连金州新区并区前后的生态适宜度分析

开发区扩区或与行政区合并是近年来开发区二次创业的发展趋势,有必要对并区前后的土地利用和产业布局合理性进行评估。应用层次分析法和专家打分法分析了大连金州新区并区前后的生态适宜度。结果表明:原金州区的工业区和居住区在合并前后生态适宜度得分从63.75分和60.25分上升到82.75分和85.75分;经济技术开发区工业区和居住区从82.75分和77分上升到82.75分和85.75分。均从不适宜、适宜上升到很适宜。     

新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的技术与优势

本文综述了利用新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的国内外现状,探讨了该方法在技术上的可行性,分析了其在环保上的优势。     

Incentives to improve farm management: EMS, supply-chains and civil society

This paper focuses on impediments to environmentally sound management practices and how these might be overcome, with an emphasis on the role of environmental management systems, supply chains and civil society. It argues that: Farmers are under increased pressure to cut costs and improve production but with little opportunity to increase prices. Commonly short-term economic interest has damaging environmental implications. Current government policy, in Australia and in many other jurisdictions, relies heavily on voluntary arrangements, education and information, as the main policy instruments through which to persuade farmers to adopt better environmental farm management - e.g. the recent push to encourage the use of voluntary environmental management systems. However, there is good evidence to suggest that these can only make a valuable contribution when combined with a range of other policy instruments, including positive and negative incentives, intervention by third parties and in some cases, an underpinning of regulation. Arguably, what is needed is a strategy that builds on the strengths of voluntary environmental management arrangements while compensating for their weaknesses by combining them with other, complementary policy instruments. If so, we must engage with a range of questions that have not so far figured substantially in the policy debate. Although the principal focus has been on the role of government in bringing about on-farm change in management practices, supply chain pressure (at least in respect of agricultural chemicals and practices which threaten food safety) and civil society action are also potentially powerful mechanisms for bringing about change. Government can and should play a role in harnessing such forces in the interests of improved environmental on-farm practices.     

Implementing the Water Framework Directive: Contract Design and the Cost of Measures to Reduce Nitrogen Pollution from Agriculture

The performance of different policy design strategies is a key issue in evaluating programmes for water quality improvement under the Water Framework Directive (60/2000). This issue is emphasised by information asymmetries between regulator and agents. Using an economic model under asymmetric information, the aim of this paper is to compare the cost-effectiveness of selected methods of designing payments to farmers in order to reduce nitrogen pollution in agriculture. A principal-agent model is used, based on profit functions generated through farm-level linear programming. This allows a comparison of flat rate payments and a menu of contracts developed through mechanism design. The model is tested in an area of Emilia Romagna (Italy) in two policy contexts: Agenda 2000 and the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform. The results show that different policy design options lead to differences in policy costs as great as 200–400%, with clear advantages for the menu of contracts. However, different policy scenarios may strongly affect such differences. Hence, the paper calls for greater attention to the interplay between CAP scenarios and water quality measures.     

Water quality in a non-traditional off-stream polyethylene-lined reservoir

Annual water storage in a 5.3 ha, polyethylene-lined, off-stream irrigation reservoir in northern Alabama, USA, resulted in marked improvement in water quality. Results of three-year monitoring from June 1999 to May 2002 indicate that the relatively static conditions of the reservoir enhanced settling of suspended particles by 85% (from 14.4 to 2.1 mg TSS/L) that cleared the water and increased sunlight penetration. The organic and inorganic particles that settled to the bottom removed up to 88% of the nutrients and other chemical substances from the water. Nutrients remaining in the water column were rapidly assimilated by phytoplankton algae. With the basin sealed at the bottom and no runoff input there was limited opportunity for nutrients or other substances to enter the reservoir in quantities that would adversely affect water quality. Consequently, reservoir water was found to be of high quality and suitable as a raw water supply. Non-traditional, off-stream storage reservoirs such as described in this paper may be uniquely suited for agricultural irrigation and public water supply in regions such as southeastern US that experience relatively frequent drought conditions but have relatively abundant long-term annual rainfall.