PbO_2/Ti改性电极电催化氧化酸性品红的试验研究

采用热氧化法制备了PbO2/Ti改性电极,以酸性品红为处理对象,采用未掺杂和掺杂Fe、Ni的改性电极电催化氧化降解酸性品红,比较不同电极的电催化效果,考察电流密度、电解质浓度对电催化氧化处理系统的影响。结果表明:在酸性品红初始浓度为100mg/L,电流密度为75mA/cm2,电解质(Na2SO4)浓度为12g/L的条件下,分别以掺杂Fe和Ni电极为阳极,1h后酸性品红的去除率分别为91.86%和93.04%;Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2-Fe和Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2-Ni电极,其电催化性能明显优于传统PbO2/Ti电极。     

铁盐改性石英砂的制备及其吸附Cu^2＋性能研究

通过改变石英砂表面的物理化学性质,提高石英砂的吸附效率,考察其对废水中的Cu2＋去除效果。以石英砂为载体,分别用反复高温加热法和反复碱性沉积法制备三氯化铁改性砂、硝酸铁改性砂,测定了2种方法制备的铁盐改性砂的表面含铁量、铁盐的酸稳定性及比表面积,并比较了2种铁盐改性砂对Cu2＋吸附效果。结果表明,三氯化铁改性砂、硝酸铁改性砂的比表面积分别为2.468 m2/g和4.247 m2/g,比石英原砂比表面积分别提高了6.910和12.612倍;在pH=6条件下,石英砂对Cu2＋去除率为39%左右,硝酸铁改性砂对Cu2＋去除率达到84%,氯化铁改性砂达到89%以上,铁盐改性砂对Cu2＋去除能力比原砂有很大的提高;铁盐改性砂对Cu2＋的吸附有一定的容量,表面的活性中心越多,吸附能力越大。     

金属改性碳脱除黄磷尾气中的H_2S和PH_3

为综合利用黄磷尾气中的CO,通过钢瓶配气及气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,研究了Cu2+和某金属离子Mn+改性碳脱除黄磷尾气中的PH3和H2S的相关问题。结果表明:实验范围内最佳反应条件为反应温度95℃,浸渍液浓度0.3mol/L,粒径3.5mm,氧含量1%,焙烧温度300℃和气体流量0.4L/min;再生方案对含磷物质的再生效果基本可行,对含硫杂质的再生不甚理想;工厂中实际黄磷尾气实验证明该净化方法实用可行;建立的模型可以很好地预测金属改性碳上吸附催化反应后PH3和H2S的出口浓度。     

铝盐改性石英砂制备及其吸附Zn~(2+)性能研究

以石英砂为载体,用碱性沉积法制备了铝盐改性砂,在静态试验条件下,考察了铝盐改性砂对锌的吸附性能及其影响因素.结果表明,在pH值为中性的条件下,铝盐改性砂的吸附效果优于石英原砂,石英原砂对Zn2+去除率为41%,铝盐改性砂对Zn2+去除率可达到68%;随着Zn2初始浓度的增大,铝盐改性砂对Zn2+的去除率逐渐减少;铝盐改性砂对Zn2的去除率随着pH值的升高而提高,当pH为9时,去除率接近100%.     

Raney Ni催化4-溴联苯加氢降解研究

以4-溴联苯为模型化合物,研究在H2作氢源、RaneyNi作催化剂条件下4-溴联苯的加氢脱溴反应,并调查了溶剂、碱及温度对加氢脱溴的影响,以及不同催化剂的催化效果.结果表明:相比贵金属催化剂(Ru/C、Pt/C、Pd/C),RaneyNi价廉且有较高的催化活性,具有实际应用价值;有机溶剂中添加适量的水可显著促进加氢脱溴反应,在乙醇/水(V/V)=85/15的溶液中,仅30min4-溴联苯就可100%脱溴;而在纯乙醇中,反应60min,尚有10%的4-溴联苯没有降解.另外,碱(NaOH)的加入可明显提高催化剂的活性,n(NaOH)∶n(HBr)=1.1∶1时,仅需30min4-溴联苯就完全被RaneyNi催化加氢降解;而n(NaOH)∶n(HBr)=2∶1时,反应60min,只有约93%的4-溴联苯发生了加氢降解,因此,碱的加入量以超过其化学反应剂量10%为宜.在温和条件(30～45℃、常压约101kPa)下,RaneyNi可催化4-溴联苯完全脱溴产生联苯,同时,联苯作为重要的化工产品可回收再利用.由此可见,多相催化加氢脱溴有望发展成为控制和消减多溴二苯醚等持久性卤代有机污染物的绿色降解技术.     

改性沸石去除工业乳化废水中COD的研究

采用10%HCl浸渍处理后改性沸石处理工业乳化废水。试验结果表明,改性沸石处理工业乳化废水的优化条件为：最佳粒径0.074 mm～0.10 mm,改性沸石与乳化废水的质量比4：100,搅拌时间40 min,静置时间60 min;该优化条件下,改性沸石对工业乳化废水的COD去除率达83%～85%,效果优于聚铁。     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.     

Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption

The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan were comparatively higher than chitosan-EGDE for both acid dyes. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment.     

改性锯末吸附含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的实验研究

初步探讨了以改性后的锯末作为吸附剂去除废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）,实验表明改性锯末对于不同浓度的含Cr（Ⅵ）废水都具有较高的去除率。同时通过实验研究了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂量、初始浓度等因素对吸附去除率的影响。