Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ is an effective technique to remove NO_x from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V₂O₅-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO₂ and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.     

复合金属氧化物Cu-Co-Al低温催化水解HCN

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu-Al、Co-Al和Cu-Co-Al复合金属氧化物催化剂,考察了3种催化剂对HCN的催化水解性能,并通过XRD、BET、XPS和H2-TPR等对催化剂的结构和性能进行表征.结果表明, Cu-Co-Al催化剂展示最高的催化活性. 反应温度200℃,反应180min后, Cu-Co-Al、Cu-Al和Co-Al催化剂对HCN的转化率分别为95%,90%,10%;NH3生成量分别为122,118,18mg/m3.低结晶度、高分散性、高比表面积的催化剂有利于低温HCN水解.适量的表面分子氧含量、较高的Cu2+和Co3+含量、较低的还原温度是Cu-Co-Al催化剂具有较高的HCN低温水解活性的主要原因.     

DOC+CDPF对生物柴油燃烧颗粒排放特性的影响

以一台满足国五排放法规的车用柴油机为样机,研究加装氧化催化转化器DOC与催化型颗粒捕集器CDPF(DOC+CDPF后处理装置)前后,柴油机燃用B20燃料(燃料含20%体积掺混比的生物柴油)的颗粒排放特性.结果表明,在未加装该后处理装置时,该机排气颗粒数量浓度的粒径分布呈双峰形态,B20燃料的排气颗粒数量浓度的峰值粒径在10nm和50nm附近,纯柴油的排气颗粒数量浓度的峰值粒径在50nm和200nm附近.在颗粒粒径小于120nm的区域,该机燃用B20燃料的排气颗粒数量浓度大于纯柴油.加装该后处理装置后,该机排气颗粒数量浓度的粒径分布呈多峰形态,峰值粒径在10nm、20nm和60nm附近.加装DOC+CDPF后,不论是柴油还是B20燃料,与原机相比,柴油机排气颗粒总数量下降明显,其中60~200nm粒径范围的颗粒数量浓度降幅更为显著.在相同工况下,DOC+CDPF对柴油机燃用B20燃料的颗粒总数量净化效率高于纯柴油.     

铁基催化剂的微波水热处理对其SCR脱硝性能的影响

利用微波对共沉淀制备的铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂前驱体进行水热处理,探讨了微波水热处理对铁基催化剂低温SCR脱硝性能的优化;并对微波水热处理条件的影响进行了正交分析.结果表明:对铁基催化剂前驱体进行微波水热处理,可提高其低温SCR脱硝性能,使其脱硝温度窗口向低温偏移;且微波水热处理的低温优化效果与催化剂中Fe/Ti摩尔比密切相关,Fe/Ti摩尔比越小,微波水热处理的低温优化越强;微波加热方式和微波辐射时间会影响微波水热处理对铁基催化剂SCR脱硝性能的低温优化;在相同微波辐射时间条件下,当P30逐渐变为P80,微波水热处理对铁基催化剂低温SCR脱硝的促进作用降低;在P30条件下,微波辐射15min使铁基催化剂具有最佳低温SCR脱硝活性.     

贵金属-稀土复合型催化剂的制备与性能研究

制备了净化车辆尾气的贵金属稀土复合型催化剂,对该催化剂进行了活性测试和结构表征.利用所制备的催化剂在摩托车上进行了性能研究.实验结果表明,采用催化剂后,可使车辆排放达到欧洲Ⅱ号标准,表明所研制的催化剂具有较好的应用价值.     

Effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst on gaseous pollutants and fine particles from an engine operating on diesel and biodiesel

The effects of a diesel oxidation catalytic (DOC) converter on diesel engine emissions were investigated on a diesel bench at various loads for two steady-state speeds using diesel fuel and B20. The DOC was very effective in hydrocarbon (HC) and CO oxidation. Approximately 90%–95% reduction in CO and 36%–70% reduction in HC were realized using the DOC. Special attention was focused on the effects of the DOC on elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions in fine particles (PM_2.5) emitted from the diesel engine. The carbonaceous compositions of PM_2.5 were analyzed by the method of thermal/optical reflectance (TOR). The results showed that total carbon (TC), OC and EC emissions for PM_2.5 from diesel fuel were generally reduced by the DOC. For diesel fuel, TC emissions decreased 22%–32% after the DOC depending on operating modes. The decrease in TC was attributed to 35%–97% decrease in OC and 3%–65% decrease in EC emissions. At low load, a significant increase in the OC/EC ratio of PM_2.5 was observed after the DOC. The effect of the DOC on the carbonaceous compositions in PM_2.5 from B20 showed different trends compared to diesel fuel. At low load, a slight increase in EC emissions and a significant decrease in OC/EC ratio of PM_2.5 after DOC were observed for B20.     

UV185+254nm辐照下MnOx-TiO2分解甲醛与臭氧的机理

为提高185nm真空紫外光下甲醛与副产物臭氧的分解效率,以MnOx-TiO2复合催化剂取代TiO2光催化剂,发现甲醛与臭氧的转化率分别从44.7%和38.7%提高到77.5%和96.8%.研究比较了真空紫外光下和暗态下(加臭氧)甲醛与臭氧在MnOx-TiO2催化剂上的分解性能,及UV254nm下光催化分解甲醛的效率.结果表明,真空紫外光下气相活性氧物种的氧化与MnOx表面的臭氧催化氧化过程是甲醛分解的主要途径,而MnOx-TiO2上光催化氧化甲醛效率很低;副产物臭氧主要于MnOx表面活性位上由热催化分解.用真空紫外光辐照MnOx-TiO2催化剂,可提高MnOx催化分解臭氧的稳定性.     

主动脉动气流分选处理废弃催化剂

废弃催化剂重整后含有富集贵金属的海绵体和烧结磁珠,二者的有效分选是提纯贵金属富集体的重要环节。主动脉动气流分选装置能够对此物料进行干法分选,避免了湿法分选对物料的改性,有利于贵金属富集体的后续提纯。介绍了主动脉动气流分选装置的结构,分析主动脉动气流分选机理及其动力学模型。通过实际物料进行分选试验。结果表明,在脉动频率为7/3 Hz,气流流速为2.50~6.00 m/s时,总分选效率Ef高于94.50%;在气流流速为3.33 m/s时,分选效率最高,总分选效率Ef可达97.63%。     

石化废水深度处理用臭氧催化氧化体系的研究＊

文章就臭氧催化氧化体系在石化废水处理中的作用进行了深入研究,对催化剂载体、催化剂配伍体系以及臭氧的投加方式进行了优化筛选。根据实验,多元催化掺杂体系较一元催化体系氧化效果好,CODCr的去除率可由一元催化时的20%提高到多元催化时的33%;在臭氧的投加方式上,分段投加要优于单级投加,臭氧投加分配比例为6∶3∶1时,CODCr的去除率可由单一投加时的9%提高到分级投加时的19%。     

钙钛矿型催化剂La_（0.8）M_（0.2）CoO_3（M=Sr、Ce、Ba、Ca）催化燃烧VOCs的活性与抗硫性研究

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.8M0.2CoO3（M=Sr、Ce、Ba、Ca）4种钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂.甲苯催化燃烧活性测试表明,4种催化剂均具有很好的催化活性,转化率达到90%时反应温度都在340℃以下,比LaCoO3下降20℃—70℃,催化性能依次为：La0.8Sr0.2CoO3〉La0.8Ce0.2CoO...