The relentless progress of commodity exchanges in the establishment of primary commodity prices

A continuously expanding group of commodities are being priced on commodity exchanges. This paper explains the causes to the increasing preference of exchanges as pricing instruments. It also provides the detail of the shift in the 1970s and 1980s from producer determined prices to prices set by commodity exchanges for three major commodities—aluminum, nickel and petroleum.     

Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层组织与性能的研究

目的 采用化学复合镀技术对微弧氧化进行封孔,进而得到抗烧蚀性能优良的Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层。方法 通过采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学金相显微镜(OM)、显微硬度仪(Microhardness Tester)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、氧–乙炔烧蚀试验(Oxy-Acetylene Ablation Test)等方法,对复合涂层的表面形貌、截面形貌、厚度、显微硬度、物相和抗烧蚀性能等进行分析。结果 陶瓷层原始表面完全被化学镀层覆盖,所制得的复合涂层厚度均匀,化学镀层与陶瓷层紧密嵌合。镀液中的SiC浓度对镀覆的速度、镀层中SiC粒子的共沉积量有着较大的影响。当粒子质量浓度为16~20 g/L时,颗粒的共沉积量较大。化学复合镀60 min可以得到厚度20 μm左右的Ni-P-SiC镀层,SiC颗粒分布均匀。当镀液中SiC质量浓度为16 g/L时,镀层具有最高的硬度。对比未处理、仅微弧氧化和Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层试样,Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层试样具有最佳的抗烧蚀性能。结论 Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC复合涂层均匀、致密,具有良好的抗烧蚀。     

High performance of multi-layered alternating Ni–Fe–P and Co–P films for hydrogen evolution

Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co–P and Ni–Fe–P films on nickel foam, via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process. This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth. The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering. The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer. Importantly, the Co–P/Ni–Fe–P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium (1 mol L-1 KOH). The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.     

化学镀镍清洁生产工艺的研究

根据清洁生产的特征和实施原则,结合我们长期在化学镀镍领域内工作的实践及目前化学镀镍的现状,分析了在该领域内实施清洁生产的必要性、可行性,提出了建立化学镀镍清洁生产工艺的方案。     

纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus sp.)对镍的吸附、吸收作用及镍对其细胞形态结构影响

纤维藻（Ankistrodesmussp.）对镍毒作用反应敏感,对Ni     

应用D412螯合树脂治理含镍电镀废水的研究

本文研究了Ｄ４１２螯合树脂对Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）离子静态和动态的吸收性能,并且研究了使用Ｄ４１２树脂除去和回收电镀废水中镍的最佳条件。     

不同类型电镀液中阴离子的离子色谱法检测

采用抑制型电导离子色谱法检测电镀液中的常见阴离子.色谱条件是: IonPac AS11-HC阴离子交换色谱柱,淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH梯度淋洗,抑制型电导检测.检测限(S/N=3)在0.29-15.3 μg·l-1,阴离子F-,Cl-,MSA-,NO-3,SO2-4,PO3-4和CrO2-4的线性范围均在两个数量级以上,RSD在5%以下,回收率为92%-110%,具有灵敏度高,选择性好,重现性佳等特点,用于实际样品的检测,结果令人满意.     

汽车塑料饰件电镀工艺及其性能检测

本文重点讲述了汽车塑料电镀工艺以及其可能存在的各种问题,进一步介绍了相关问题的解决方法.参照目前国际上各大整车厂的性能检测方法,论述了如何对汽车塑料电镀成品件进行性能测试来确定其质量.随着各国对环保要求的提高,希望我国汽车塑料电镀工艺能紧追和应用先进工艺,减少对环境的污染.     

高分子重金属絮凝剂的性能及作用机理研究

以含Ni^2 废水作为处理对象,主要研究了几个影响高分子重金属絮凝剂去除废水中Ni^2 的因素,从而进一步了解高分子重金属絮凝剂的结构和性能．实验结果表明：(1)某些离子存在时,pH值对Ni^2 的最高去除率影响不大;(2)水中某些二价阳离子的存在不仅不会消耗高分子重金属絮凝剂的用量,而且会促进Ni^2 絮凝沉淀,Ni^2 的去除率均在95％以上;(3)水中Fe^3 会与Ni^2 竞争高分子重金属絮凝剂分子中二硫代羧基上的配位基,若高分子重金属絮凝剂投加量不足,Fe^3 的存在将影响螯合体MHMF-Ni^2 的生成;(4)Ni^2 和致浊物质会互相促进彼此的去除,浊度的去除率在97％以上．(5)高分子重金属絮凝剂对重金属离子具有选择性,可将部分重金属离子从其它离子中分离开、回收再利用．     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.