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741.
742.
秸秆及配施生物炭对福州茉莉园土壤碳、氮、磷、铁含量及其生态化学计量学特征影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为阐明施加秸秆及配施生物炭对茉莉花园土壤碳(TC)、氮(TN)、磷(TP)和铁(Fe)含量及其生态化学计量学特征的影响,并探讨土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的响应,以福州茉莉园土壤为研究对象,设置对照、秸秆、秸秆配施生物炭3种处理样地,对施加处理下福州茉莉花园0~10 cm表层土壤碳、氮、磷、铁含量和生态化学计量学特征进行测定和分析.结果表明:不同施加处理下,茉莉园土壤TC、TN含量均值表现为秸秆配施生物炭处理>秸秆处理>对照处理(p<0.05),TP含量均值表现为秸秆处理>秸秆配施生物炭处理>对照处理(p<0.05),土壤Fe含量均值表现为秸秆处理大于对照和秸秆配施生物炭处理,显著增加了茉莉花园表层土壤铁含量(p<0.05).其次,秸秆配施生物炭处理较对照和秸秆处理提高了土壤C/N、C/P、C/Fe、N/P、N/Fe、P/Fe (p<0.05);茉莉花园0~10 cm土壤碳储量、氮储量、磷储量均值表现为秸秆配施生物炭处理显著高于对照处理(p<0.05),提高比例分别为46.5%、20.2%、10.2%,土壤铁储量表现为秸秆处理>对照处理>秸秆配施生物炭处理.此外,秸秆施加处理提高了土壤活性有机碳(CN),增加了土壤碳库活度指数(CPAI)和土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI);秸秆配施生物炭处理同样大幅度提升了土壤总有机碳含量,并显著提高了土壤碳库指数(CPI),但这部分主要是活性较低的稳态碳(CNA),因此,秸秆配施生物炭降低了土壤碳库活度(CPA)、土壤碳库活度指数(CPAI)和土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI).总体来看,从土壤固碳角度考虑,秸秆配施生物炭是更合理的利用措施. 相似文献
743.
本文介绍了目前我国水泥行业NOx的排放现状、污染控制政策要求、控制技术及其应用情况。通过调研分析国内几家已采用脱硝技术的水泥企业案例,总结出影响水泥企业NOx控制经济成本的主要因素,并测算出"十二五"水泥行业减排成本。最后提出了促进水泥行业NOx减排工作的政策建议。 相似文献
744.
历年环境统计数据和环境监测数据表明,2006年以来西安市二氧化硫排放量大幅下降,空气中二氧化硫浓度也呈下降趋势,空气质量有所改善,但由于减排措施实施的区域和力度的差异,不同典型监测点位二氧化硫浓度变化情况不尽相同,与我国北方其他省会城市相比,二氧化硫排放量虽然降幅较大,但城市空气中二氧化硫浓度降幅偏小,且工业减排量占总减排量的比例相对较小,因此,今后应高度关注二氧化硫减排工作中存在的问题,不断完善环境管理,多渠道多途径全面提升城市环境空气质量。 相似文献
745.
The importance of incorporating functional habitats into conservation planning for highly mobile species in dynamic systems
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Matthew H. Webb Aleks Terauds Ayesha Tulloch Phil Bell Dejan Stojanovic Robert Heinsohn 《Conservation biology》2017,31(5):1018-1028
The distribution of mobile species in dynamic systems can vary greatly over time and space. Estimating their population size and geographic range can be problematic and affect the accuracy of conservation assessments. Scarce data on mobile species and the resources they need can also limit the type of analytical approaches available to derive such estimates. We quantified change in availability and use of key ecological resources required for breeding for a critically endangered nomadic habitat specialist, the Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor). We compared estimates of occupied habitat derived from dynamic presence‐background (i.e., presence‐only data) climatic models with estimates derived from dynamic occupancy models that included a direct measure of food availability. We then compared estimates that incorporate fine‐resolution spatial data on the availability of key ecological resources (i.e., functional habitats) with more common approaches that focus on broader climatic suitability or vegetation cover (due to the absence of fine‐resolution data). The occupancy models produced significantly (P < 0.001) smaller (up to an order of magnitude) and more spatially discrete estimates of the total occupied area than climate‐based models. The spatial location and extent of the total area occupied with the occupancy models was highly variable between years (131 and 1498 km2). Estimates accounting for the area of functional habitats were significantly smaller (2–58% [SD 16]) than estimates based only on the total area occupied. An increase or decrease in the area of one functional habitat (foraging or nesting) did not necessarily correspond to an increase or decrease in the other. Thus, an increase in the extent of occupied area may not equate to improved habitat quality or function. We argue these patterns are typical for mobile resource specialists but often go unnoticed because of limited data over relevant spatial and temporal scales and lack of spatial data on the availability of key resources. Understanding changes in the relative availability of functional habitats is crucial to informing conservation planning and accurately assessing extinction risk for mobile resource specialists. 相似文献
746.
The heart is often perceived as a difficult organ to understand by ultrasound during fetal life. This is undoubtedly reflected in the low detection rate of cardiac abnormalities as compared to those of most other organ systems in the fetus. In this article we start by updating classical concepts of cardiac embryology, many of which were previously difficult to understand since they were overly simplistic or purely observational. We then lead on to the structure and growth of the fully formed fetal heart where we review the anatomy and ultrasound appearances in detail and provide comparisons with major abnormalities. We emphasise the fact that a solid understanding of cardiac anatomy can enable those involved in fetal medicine to make full use of the views of the heart that are obtained by ultrasound and which are often only transient. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
747.
杨彬 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2006,26(5):48-50
分析了沈阳市热电厂烟气中烟尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等污染物对生态环境的负面影响,并提出解决热电厂烟气污染的控制对策。 相似文献
748.
稻壳吸附剂净化水中有机污染物的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以酸处理稻壳为原料,研究了稻壳吸附剂的活化工艺,所制备的吸附剂对水中芳香化合物和杂环染料均有较大的吸附能力。通过试验得出了吸附剂净化水中芳香化合物及染料的最佳条件 相似文献
749.
Zhang Yuanhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1997,9(1):49-58
The surface exchange of NH3 and HNO3 gases over heathland was measured with the aerodynamic gradient method in Leende,the Netherlands during April 25 and May 9,1991.Due to reactions in the system NH3,HNO3 and NH4NO3,the NH3 deposition flux is overestimated,while HNO3 shows apparent emission fluxes mostly during the field experiment.Results reveal that NH3 gradients are influenced slightly by HNO3 and the HNO3 gradients are strongly controlled by the NH3.A clear relationship between NH3 and HNO3 gradient is suggested by the Leende experiment. Before the late afternoon,NH3 deposition gradients will cause HNO3 upward gradients,meanwhile the NH3 gradients themselves will become smaller.After the HNO3 upward gradient reaches maximum,the NH3 deposition gradients will be enlarged or the emission gradients depressed,while the HNO3 upward gradients become smaller. 相似文献
750.
VOC removal from contaminated groundwater through membrane pervaporation. (Ⅰ): Water- 1,1,1- trichloroethane system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA), a common chlorinated organic solvent and volatile organic compound(VOC), was removed from contaminated groundwater by using a bench-scale membrane pervaporation unit. The effects of TCA concentration, temperature, and flow rate on permeation flux and selectivity(a value) of the process were evaluated. In general, higher temperature leads to higher VOC flux but lower selectivity; higher flow rate of TCA feed stream results in higher VOC flux and selectivity, an indication of the effect of concentration polarization; higher TCA feed concentration produces higher TCA permeation, however, the selectivity was virtually unchanged. 相似文献