无人机遥测技术在氯气泄漏事故预警监测中的应用

分析了工业园区氯气泄漏预警监测工作的现状以及其缺点,提出了一种用无人机搭载传感器的技术对工业用氯气进行实时监测的构想,并展望了其在安全预警领域中应用的前景。     

大型LNG储罐泄漏事故后果评估

对LNG储罐泄漏事故进行危险分析,选用PHAST软件计算模型,针对LNG储罐不同事故类型选取最大设想事故进行假设模拟,确定了不同条件下LNG储罐泄漏事故的安全距离;对结果进行分析,得出的结论对LNG储罐的安全管理和事故预防提供了一定的参考。     

论长输管道水土保持工程施工

长输管道点多、线长,通常是跨地区、跨省份施工作业,沿线经过的地形地貌复杂多变,所以,为了处理好开发建设项目与水土保持的关系,使水土流失得到有效遏制,做好长输管道水土保持工作尤为重要.下面以长呼原油管道水土保持工作开展情况为例,详细介绍如何做好长输管道施工水土保持工作.     

河南神农山过去162年树轮季节降水重建

采用河南神农山白皮松轮宽序列,重建了该地区1850—2011 年上年9 月至当年6 月降 水量序列,重建方程方差解释量为42.4%。重建序列显示,在过去162 年中,神农山地区经历了 4 次持续时间超过5 年的严重干旱时段：1860—1879,1888—1913,1917—1945,1992—1998, 以及三次较为湿润的时段：1882—1893,1946—1991,1999—2006。发现研究区在1945 年之前 干旱频发,且持续时间较长。在1945 年之后,持续性干旱事件较少发生,降水量有上升趋势。 神农山降水重建序列与由历史文献记录划分的洛阳和郑州二地旱涝指数及亚洲– 太平洋涛动指 数（APO）相关显著。序列中的干旱事件发生时间与陕西、甘肃、宁夏等地的干旱出现较为一致。 空间相关分析结果显示,重建序列和观测序列分别与CRU TS3.10.01 降水序列相关显著且表现出 相似的空间相关模式,表明神农山降水重建序列较为可靠,在一定程度上能代表更大空间范围 的降水变化。功率谱分析表明,降水重建序列存在2.69 年,2.47 年,2.06 年的准周期,暗示研 究区降水变化可能受到与海陆耦合相关的准两年波动和ENSO 的影响。     

火电厂烟气脱硝技术探析

介绍了烟气脱硝技术中的选择性催化还原技术SCR、选择性非催化还原技术SNCR以及混合型SNCR-SCR三种工艺。在比较三种工艺的基础上得出前两者工艺的优势和不足以及当前火电厂使用SNCR-SCR混合型烟气脱硝技术较多的原因所在。     

Biodegradation of N,N-dimethylacetamide by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 isolated from the rhizosphere of pagoda tree

The biodegradation characteristic and potential metabolic pathway for removal of environmental N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was studied. Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was isolated from the rhizosphere of a pagoda tree and proved capable of utilizing DMAC as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Batch culture studies showed that strain B83 could tolerate up to 25 g/L DMAC and showed distinct growth on possible catabolic intermediates except for acetate. The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that approximately 71% of the initial nitrogen was converted to organic nitrogen. DMAC degradation has led to accumulation of acetate and organic nitrogen, meanwhile traces of nitrate and ammonia was build-up but without nitrite. The growth of strain B83 could be inhibited by adding exogenous acetate. By means of the assay of enzymatic degradation of DMAC, several catabolic intermediates at different intervals were observed and identified. Based on the results obtained from culture solution and enzymatic degradation assay, a detailed pathway is proposed for DMAC biodegradation.     

Responses of greenhouse gas fluxes to experimental warming in wheat season under conventional tillage and no-tillage fields

Understanding the effects of warming on greenhouse gas(GHG, such as N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 )feedbacks to climate change represents the major environmental issue. However, little information is available on how warming effects on GHG fluxes in farmland of North China Plain(NCP). An infrared warming simulation experiment was used to assess the responses of N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 to warming in wheat season of 2012–2014 from conventional tillage(CT) and no-tillage(NT) systems. The results showed that warming increased cumulative N_2O emission by 7.7% in CT but decreased it by 9.7% in NT fields(p 0.05). Cumulative CH_4 uptake and CO_2 emission were increased by 28.7%–51.7% and 6.3%–15.9% in both two tillage systems,respectively(p 0.05). The stepwise regressions relationship between GHG fluxes and soil temperature and soil moisture indicated that the supply soil moisture due to irrigation and precipitation would enhance the positive warming effects on GHG fluxes in two wheat seasons.However, in 2013, the long-term drought stress due to infrared warming and less precipitation decreased N_2O and CO_2 emission in warmed treatments. In contrast, warming during this time increased CH_4 emission from deep soil depth. Across two years wheat seasons, warming significantly decreased by 30.3% and 63.9% sustained-flux global warming potential(SGWP) of N_2O and CH_4 expressed as CO_2 equivalent in CT and NT fields, respectively. However, increase in soil CO_2 emission indicated that future warming projection might provide positive feedback between soil C release and global warming in NCP.     

La/Ce-codoped Bi2O3 composite photocatalysts with high photocatalytic performance in removal of high concentration dye

A series of La/Ce-codoped Bi_2O_3 composite photocatalysts were fabricated via hydrothermal–calcination process. The as-prepared products were intensively characterized by some physicochemical characterizations like N_2 physical adsorption, X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance(UV–Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),photoelectrochemical measurements, and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that La and Ce doping induced obvious crystal phase transformation in Bi_2O_3, from monoclinic to tetragonal phase. La and Ce codoping also gave rise to the obvious synergetic effects, e.g., the lattice contraction of Bi_2O_3, the decrease of crystal size and the increase of surface area. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by removal of dye acid orange II with high concentration under visible light irradiation. Results showed that La/Ce-codoped Bi_2O_3 displayed much higher photocatalytic performance than that of bare Bi_2O_3, single La or Ce doped Bi_2O_3 samples. The superior photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the improved texture and surface properties and the synergistic effects of La and Ce codoping on suppressing the recombination of photo-generated electrons(e~-) and holes(h~+).     

人工湿地反硝化外加固体碳源选择研究

为了筛选合适的固体碳源,以玉米秸秆、污泥作为研究对象进行碳源释放规律及预处理实验研究,并从碳源释放量,释放速率、释放C/N比等方面探讨其做为碳源的可行性。结果表明,碱加热预处理后的玉米秸秆碳元素平均释放量为10.31 mg/(g·d),较酸加碱加热预处理方式高0.91 mg/(g·d),但二者氮元素平均释放量相同,均为0.20 mg/(g·d)。污泥经预处理后,碳、氮元素平均释放量分别为8.98 mg/(g·d)、0.21 mg/(g·d)。考虑到污泥作为反硝化碳源可以实现污泥的资源化、减量化和无害化。所以污泥和碱加热处理的玉米秸秆均可作为人工湿地外加碳源。