关于华北科技学院创建安全科技特色的探讨

创建鲜明的安全科技办学特色不仅是华北科技学院的生存战略,更是发展战略。创建安全科技特色是一项复杂的系统工程,要从宏观、中观和微观3个层面,从资源协同、能力协同和部门协同3个角度,从近期、中期和远期3个阶段创建安全科技特色。创建学院安全科技特色的具体措施主要包括五方面的内容开创和建设以安全技术及工程为主的特色优势学科;引进和培养具有安全科技特色的教师队伍;正确处理教学、科研、安全培训三者的关系;建立和形成支撑安全科技特色的规章制度;营造和突出具有安全科技特色的校园文化。     

Environmental Accountability: Who's Kidding Whom?

International declarations and charters have been produced to encourage and support higher education institutions (HEIs) to address their environmental responsibilities. This paper discusses the results of a critical examination of a range of international HEIs that have signed the global environmental Talloires Declaration. It also assesses the Talloires Secretariat (University Leaders for a Sustainable Future, ULSF) and the extent to which this has been a primary stimulus. An international survey was undertaken and the results presented in a discursive format in order to highlight key driving forces, barriers, and opportunities for environmental responsibility in HEIs. Analysis reveals that they occur on two distinct and evolving levels: the macro national framework level and the micro institutional framework level. Survey responses revealed that none of the HEIs have an embedded institutional environmental culture and most did not have all the micro institutional mechanisms in place for an integrated university-wide environmental response. Many of the institutional barriers to environmental responsibility occurred as a result of this lack of strategy. The most significant institutional opportunity cited was enthusiastic individuals, particularly those at senior management or directorate level, and these individuals were found to be a key driving force. Results also showed that environmental reporting along the lines developed by the private sector is a flexible mechanism that can stimulate progress internally and externally and can be cost effectively disseminated via the World Wide Web. Moreover the survey results indicate that ULSF is not currently a primary stimulus for institution wide action.     

Chemical Warfare Materiel: Unique Regulatory Issues

In those states that have not included CWM as hazardous materials in their RCRA programs, the RCRA requirements for management of hazardous waste would not strictly apply to any of the CWM. The Army has historically implemented procedures requiring that chemical warfare agents be managed as RCRA hazardous waste regardless of the concentration, physical form, or configuration of the agent. Such application of strict hazardous waste requirements to management of potentially nonhazardous CWM can result in remedial costs well out of proportion to potential human health and environmental benefits. Recent development of chronic toxicity values for the CWM has opened the door for development of cleanup and waste management standards for waste streams or media containing small residual amounts of CWM. Implementation of this health-based approach to management of CWM remediation wastes may, in part, help to reduce potentially unnecessary hazardous waste management costs for the nonhazardous CWM.     

Teil III: Praktische Erfahrungen mit dem Umweltmanagement in der Landwirtschaft

Zusammenfassung  Im Rahmen praktischer Untersuchungen der Autoren zu Umweltmanagementsystemen in der Landwirtschaft, und hier insbesondere der Umweltprüfung, zeigen sich die Besonderheiten der Agrarwirtschaft im Implementierungsproze?. Einige Bereiche k?nnen relativ einfach umgesetzt werden, andere Aspekte bedürfen einer differenzierteren Methodik als bei anderen Wirtschaftsbereichen. W?hrend sich das Managementaudit durch die übersichtliche Organisationsstruktur landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe meist als unkritisch erweist, werden beim Wirkungsund Rechtsaudit einige bereichsspezifische Probleme erkannt. Das Wirkungsaudit zeigt dem Anwender nach der Einführung einer neuen, speziell auf die Landwirtschaft angepa?ten Methodik der Stoffstrombilanzierung praxisorientierte Handlungspotentiale. Die Ergebnisse k?nnen je nach Bedarf auf Betriebs-, Betriebszweigoder Kostentr?gerebene ausgewiesen relevant, da sie einhohes ?kologischen Gef?hrdungspotential besitzen und bei den praktischen Erhebungen h?ufig Gegenstand von Beanstandungen waren. Diese betreffen vor allem die Lagerung von umweltrelevanten Stoffen (Pflanzenschutzmittel, Diesel, Jauche, Gülle, Festmist oder Sickers?fte) sowie die etwaigen Notwendigkeit und Beschaffenheit eines Waschplatzes. Die Konfliktbereiche werden beschrieben und darauf aufbauend Optionen zur Verbesserung aufgezeigt. Online-Publikationsdatum: 20.12.1999     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

东川因民矿区地下水-选厂水水化学特征及资源化影响因素

矿区水质分析结果表明,地下水属弱碱性淡水软水-微硬水。泉水水化学类型为HCO3-Ca·Mg。坑道水水化学类型为HCO3-Mg·Ca、HCO3·SO4-Mg·Ca、SO4·HCO3-Mg·Ca和SO4-Mg·Ca。地下水水化学成分的变化与(SO42-)浓度相关。泉水与坑道水具有一定的水力联系。选厂排放水中Pb、As含量高于坑道水。坑道水、选厂排放水具有弱侵蚀性。采矿活动和选矿过程对地下水-选厂水水质有较大影响,地下水水化学演变受控于矿业活动和矿区地球化学背景。     

浅述工业废水除油方法

介绍了工业含油废水的来源、性质及危害,对比分析了常用的废水除油方法．提出了今后废水除油技术的发展方向,认为要重视源头控制、采用多种方法联合处理及开发新型高效的废水除油处理系统。     

碳源对固定化污泥反硝化性能的影响

在生物法反硝化脱氯的过程中,碳源的种类与浓度对反硝化的速率有重要影响。研究了不同碳源,如乙醇、乙酸钠、葡萄糖、苯酚以及天然碳源对固定化污泥反硝化性能影响。结果表明：乙酸钠为最适宜的碳源;最佳碳氮比为4：1：硝酸盐氮去除率可达99．7％,出水硝酸盐氮质量浓度小于5mg／L。反硝化过程为零级动力学,反应分为2个阶段,第一阶段的动力学方程为Y=-37．897x＋127．75,第二阶段的动力学方程为Y=-13．458x＋64．412。     

重金属（Hg，As，Pb）污染对蚕豆根尖细胞微核的诱变研究

采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核检测技术,分别探讨不同浓度的HgCl2、As2O3、Pb（NO3）2对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。以蒸馏水处理作为阴性对照实验。结果表明不同浓度的HgCl2可使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率明显上升,说明HgCl2对蚕豆根尖具有明显的毒性效应——诱发突变（微核）。不同浓度As2O3可使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率明显上升。说明三氧化二砷（As2O3）对蚕豆根尖具有明显的毒性效应——诱发突变（微核）。蚕豆根尖微核率在铅离子浓度0—25mg／L范围内,随着硝酸铅处理浓度的升高而升高,说明硝酸铅是一种较强的诱变剂。     

Disruption of biofilms from sewage pipes under physical and chemical conditioning

Biofilms grown inside two sewage collecting pipes located in industrial and residential areas are studied. Bacterial biomass inside three layers of biofilms was evaluated. Biofilm cohesion under different mixing rate and ionic strength was also investigated. Effects of physical and chemical parameters in the biofilms were evaluated by monitoring turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Extracted organic matter from biofilms was partitioned to polar, aromatic and saturated fractions using activated silica column chromatography. Results revealed that bacterial biomass growth depending on biofilm thickness and stratification. The most loaded stratum in bacterial biomass was the sewage-biofilm interface stratum that represented 51% of the total bacterial biomass. Stirring rate and ionic strength of mono and bivalent salts showed a major influence in biofilm disruption. The stirring time enhanced the exchange dynamic and matter capture between biofilm fragments at the critical stirring rate 90 r/min. Sodium chloride showed the dispersing effect on biofilms in suspension, and decreased the BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) beyond the physiological salt concentration.