新疆集中式饮用水不同水源类型放射性水平对比分析

本文调查了新疆某集中式饮用水不同水源类型总α、总β放射性水平,对不同的水源类型进行了数据对比,以为测量分析中出现的异常数据提供一个有效的鉴别依据。采集了新疆集中式饮用水不同类型水源经放化分析及测量总α、总β数值,得到新疆集中式饮用水不同水源类型放射性水平,并对不同类型的水源进行了对比分析。研究发现,总体上新疆某集中式饮用水不同水源类型的放射性水平基本处于正常环境本底范围,天然放射性核素水平未见异常;总α、总β的放射性浓度的高低是相依而存的,总α放射性浓度高的,其β的放射性浓度也高,总α放射性浓度低的,其β的放射性浓度也低;湖库型、河流型、地下水三种水源地的总α、总β的放射性浓度的高低的起因,主要包括其地理位置、水源类型等。     

Decision-support tools for dynamic management

Spatial management is a valuable strategy to advance regional goals for nature conservation, economic development, and human health. One challenge of spatial management is navigating the prioritization of multiple features. This challenge becomes more pronounced in dynamic management scenarios, in which boundaries are flexible in space and time in response to changing biological, environmental, or socioeconomic conditions. To implement dynamic management, decision-support tools are needed to guide spatial prioritization as feature distributions shift under changing conditions. Marxan is a widely applied decision-support tool designed for static management scenarios, but its utility in dynamic management has not been evaluated. EcoCast is a new decision-support tool developed explicitly for the dynamic management of multiple features, but it lacks some of Marxan's functionality. We used a hindcast analysis to compare the capacity of these 2 tools to prioritize 4 marine species in a dynamic management scenario for fisheries sustainability. We successfully configured Marxan to operate dynamically on a daily time scale to resemble EcoCast. The relationship between EcoCast solutions and the underlying species distributions was more linear and less noisy, whereas Marxan solutions had more contrast between waters that were good and poor to fish. Neither decision-support tool clearly outperformed the other; the appropriateness of each depends on management purpose, resource-manager preference, and technological capacity of tool developers. Article impact statement: Marxan can function as a decision-support tool for dynamic management scenarios in which boundaries are flexible in space and time.     

Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

• CW-Fe allowed a high-performance of NO₃^‒-N removal at the COD/N ratio of 0. • Higher COD/N resulted in lower chem-denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. • The application of s-Fe⁰ contributed to TIN removal in wetland mesocosm. • s-Fe⁰ changed the main denitrifiers in wetland mesocosm. Sponge iron (s-Fe⁰) is a porous metal with the potential to be an electron donor for denitrification. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using s-Fe⁰ as the substrate of wetland mesocosms. Here, wetland mesocosms with the addition of s-Fe⁰ particles (CW-Fe) and a blank control group (CW-CK) were established. The NO₃^‒-N reduction property and water quality parameters (pH, DO, and ORP) were examined at three COD/N ratios (0, 5, and 10). Results showed that the NO₃^‒-N removal efficiencies were significantly increased by 6.6 to 58.9% in the presence of s-Fe⁰. NH₄⁺-N was mainly produced by chemical denitrification, and approximately 50% of the NO₃^‒-N was reduced to NH₄⁺-N, at the COD/ratio of 0. An increase of the influent COD/N ratio resulted in lower chemical denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. Although chemical denitrification mediated by s-Fe⁰ led to an accumulation of NH₄⁺-N at COD/N ratios of 0 and 5, the TIN removal efficiencies increased by 4.5%‒12.4%. Moreover, the effluent pH, DO, and ORP values showed a significant negative correlation with total Fe and Fe (II) (P<0.01). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Trichococcus (77.2%) was the most abundant microorganism in the CW-Fe mesocosm, while Thauera, Zoogloea, and Herbaspirillum were the primary denitrifying bacteria. The denitrifiers, Simplicispira, Dechloromonas, and Denitratisoma, were the dominant bacteria for CW-CK. This study provides a valuable method and an improved understanding of NO₃^‒-N reduction characteristics of s-Fe⁰ in a wetland mesocosm.     

D401与N-117负载 Fe（Ⅱ）非均相Fenton法催化降解苯酚

分别采用D401和N-117负载Fe（Ⅱ）制备非均相Fenton催化剂,探讨两种催化剂在不同初始溶液pH、初始H₂O₂质量浓度和保存条件下,催化降解苯酚的效果和铁溶出情况。结果表明：两种催化剂均能拓展Fenton反应pH范围;D401负载Fe（Ⅱ）催化苯酚降解速率较快,苯酚降解率随初始溶液pH升高而下降,溶出铁催化的均相Fenton反应是苯酚降解的主要原因;N-117负载Fe（Ⅱ）催化剂苯酚降解速率随初始溶液pH升高而下降,非均相Fenton反应是主要反应过程;初始H₂O₂质量浓度升高能使D401负载Fe（Ⅱ）的溶出总铁质量浓度显著升高,但对N-117负载Fe（Ⅱ）影响很小;水中较高的DO能显著降低两种催化剂的苯酚降解效果。     

城市群土地集约利用与新型城镇化耦合协调分析——以我国三大城市群为例

城市群土地集约利用与城镇化耦合协调发展是土地管理学研究的核心问题,实现土地集约利用与城镇化水平的高度协调,对促进城市群的可持续发展意义重大。运用全局主成分分析法、变异系数法的综合确权法以提高指标权重精度,基于耦合度、协调度、相对发展度模型测算、分析与比较京津冀、长三角及珠三角城市群协调发展水平,借助空间自相关模型分析沿海三大城市群协调发展水平的空间集聚特征与规律。研究表明:京津冀城市群协调发展水平最高,其次为珠三角与长三角,城市群协调发展水平的优化程度表现为"京津冀珠三角长三角",城市群协调发展度的空间相关性强弱表现为"京津冀长三角珠三角",京津冀城市群各城市协调发展水平整体逐步趋向于中高度协调,长三角、珠三角趋于中低度协调;研究前期新型城镇化发展滞后是影响京津冀与长三角城市群协调发展水平的主要原因,研究中后期京津冀新型城镇化超前发展,长三角则逐步趋于土地集约与新型城镇化同步发展,珠三角城市群新型城镇化发展进程进步显著,但仍滞后于土地集约利用。     

Global Climate Talks from Failure to Cooperation and Hope: Swedish News Framings of COP15 and COP21

The purpose of this study is to offer an analysis of how two UN Conferences of Parties, COP15 in Copenhagen 2009 and COP21 in Paris 2015, were covered and debated in Swedish newspapers. Two national and two regional newspapers were selected for the study, and a qualitative frame analysis was conducted on 309 articles. A typology of frames applicable to science-related policy and climate change debates was used and its relevance for global climate summit context was discussed. Having territory in the Arctic region, indigenous populations affected by climate change measures, and political and public sensitivity to environmental issues, the climate debate has particular significance in the Swedish case. Findings indicate a trust in the role of national and supra-national governance to address climate change problems, but also that newspapers in Sweden maintained a focus on the global aspects of the two meetings, rather than framing them as surrogate battlefields for domestic politics.     

Religious narratives and their implications for disaster risk reduction

The role of religious factors in the disaster experience has been under‐investigated. This is despite evidence of their influence throughout the disaster cycle, including: the way in which the event is interpreted; how the community recovers; and the strategies implemented to reduce future risk. This qualitative study examined the role of faith in the disaster experience of four faith communities in the Hawaiian Islands of the United States. Twenty‐six individuals from the Bahá'í, Buddhist, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints (LDS), and United Methodist Church communities participated, including 10 faith leaders and 16 laypersons. The results suggest that religious narratives provide a framework for interpretation of, preparedness for, and responses to disasters. Preparedness varied widely across faith communities, with the LDS community reporting greater levels of preparedness than other communities. Recommendations include the development of collaborative efforts between disaster managers and faith leaders to increase preparedness within faith communities, which may facilitate community‐wide disaster risk reduction.     

Assessing the costs for adaptation of marine constructions to sea-level rise

Marine constructions are highly vulnerable to climate change and sea-level rise (SLR), leading to increased risk rates of destruction and the potential closure of ports, harbors, and marinas along the coast. We present a cost-adjustment analysis for such constructions along the south-eastern Mediterranean coast, which takes into account the physical characteristics of the constructions, and environmental uncertainty factors. At 0.5 m SLR, the estimated adjustment cost is USD 280 million, and at 1 m SLR, the estimated cost is USD 505 million. These costs are equivalent to 0.091% and 0.165% of the Israeli gross domestic production, respectively. Although high, these adjustment costs are lower than the costs of future damage that will accrue if we fail to act. This implies that the adaptation-policy approach to controlling for the risk of SLR will provide benefits to the economic marine sectors and the public at large.     

N,N-二膦酰基甲基牛磺酸的制备与阻垢缓蚀性能

以牛磺酸、甲醛和三氯化磷为原料制备了N,N-二膦酰基甲基牛磺酸（BPMT）。探讨了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对BPMT质量的影响,考察了BPMT的阻垢缓蚀性能,并与N,N-二膦酰基甲基氨基磺酸、N,N-二膦酰基甲基氨基甲磺酸、丙烯酸／2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、2-膦酸基-1,2,4-三羧基丁烷等进行了比较。实验结果表明,当n（牛磺酸）：n（三氯化磷）：n（甲醛）=1：2：4、反应温度110℃、反应时间2h时,BPMT的质量较好。BPMT的阻碳酸钙垢和稳定锌的性能优于其他阻垢剂,阻磷酸钙垢和分散氧化铁的性能仅次于丙烯酸／2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸。当BPMT加入量为40mg／L时,缓蚀效果最好。     

碳羟磷灰石的制备及其对水中Cu2+的吸附

以废弃蛋壳为原料、尿素为添加剂,采用掺杂技术制备碳羟磷灰石（CHAP）,并用其作吸附剂去除水中的Cu^2＋。考察了Cu^2＋的初始质量浓度、pH、吸附时间、CHAP加入量及温度等因素对CHAP吸附Cu^2＋效果的影响。实验结果表明,在温度40℃、溶液pH6、搅拌1h后静置1h的条件下,用5g／L的CHAP处理Cu^2＋初始质量浓度为60mg／L的水溶液,Cu^2＋去除率为99．30％。吸附等温线基本符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程。