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331.
洞庭湖湿地稻区化肥环境影响评估 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究采用时间序列分析法,预测洞庭湖区2010年2、020年人口将分别达到1 396.38×104人、1 492.31×104人,稻谷总需求量分别为5 002.17×103t,5 284.79×103t,化肥投入实物量将分别为1 466.91×103t,1 549.79×103t。在总结国内外化肥投入影响环境研究基础上建立了化肥环境影响评估模型,预计2010,2020年洞庭湖区区水稻生产因化肥带来环境成本将分别达到2.2×108元、2.32×108元,占稻谷销售效益的3.4%和3.13%,稻田生态系统和社会将难以承受,建议政府在化肥过量施用的地区征收化肥环境税。 相似文献
332.
剩余污泥好氧堆肥生产有机复混肥的肥分及效益分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
城市污水处理厂剩余污泥含有大量有机质和氮、磷等营养元素,是农业生产宝贵的肥源。将污泥制成有机复混肥可以使作物增产,并改善土壤结构、提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
333.
334.
Nitrogen (N) pollution is a growing concern in forests of the greater Sierra Nevada, which lie downwind of the highly populated
and agricultural Central Valley. Nitrogen content of Letharia vulpina tissue was analyzed from 38 sites using total Kjeldahl analysis to provide a preliminary assessment of N deposition patterns.
Collections were co-located with plots where epiphytic macrolichen communities are used for estimating ammonia (NH3) deposition. Tissue N ranged from 0.6% to 2.11% with the highest values occurring in the southwestern Sierra Nevada (range:
1.38 to 2.11). Tissue N at 17 plots was elevated, as defined by a threshold concentration of 1.03%. Stepwise regression was
used to determine the best predictors of tissue N from among a variety of environmental variables. The best model consisted
only of longitude (r
2 = 0.64), which was reflected in the geographic distribution of tissue values: the southwestern Sierra Nevada, the high Sierras
near the Tahoe Basin, and the Modoc Plateau, are three apparent N hotspots arranged along the tilted north–south axis of the
study area. Withholding longitude and latitude, the best regression model suggested that NH3 estimates and annual number of wetdays interactively affect N accumulation (r
2 = 0.61; % N ∼ NH3 + wetdays + (NH3 × wetdays)). We did not expect perfect correspondence between tissue values and NH3 estimates since other N pollutants also accumulate in the lichen thallus. Additionally, other factors potentially affecting
N content, such as growth rate and leaching, were not given full account. 相似文献
335.
Yannopoulos PC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):163-180
An economic and quick methodology for performing a preliminary spatial assessment of a city air quality with the purpose to
identify locations and zones susceptible to high pollution levels is proposed. A Patras case-study is selected, regarding
the air pollutants of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). A total number of 451 samples of short duration, of which 225 were randomly picked in morning rush hours and 226 within
evening rush hours, were collected from 50 locations of the major Patras area during a year period, when peaks of primary
air pollutants usually occur. Concentration measurements at prescribed locations used to statistically calculate spatial average
concentrations approximating 1-h mean values with mean probable errors less than 25.9% for SO2, NO and NOx and less than 15.5% for NO2. Then iso-concentration contour diagrams plotted indicate high pollution zones and possibly appropriate locations for continuous
or random monitoring according to the European Community (EC) Directives. The 1-h mean concentrations were in good correlation
to the corresponding traffic rates and useful relationships are given (0.54 ≤ r ≤ 0.63). In addition, comparisons with data available for other cities, as well as with the limit and guide values provided
by the EC and the World Health Organization (WHO) were given. The present data could be useful for the design and optimization
of a city network of stations for monitoring air quality, for environmental impact assessments, future reference and comparisons
due to city development needs, as well as for validating dispersion models. 相似文献
336.
Inamdar S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):347-363
Storm event exports of dissolved were explored for multiple events in the Point Peter Brook watershed (PPBW), a glaciated, forested watershed located in Western
New York, USA. Investigations were performed across four catchments (1.6–696 ha) with varying topography and the extent of
surface-saturated areas. While wetland and riparian waters were important sources of during non-storm periods, throughfall and litter leachate were the dominant contributors of during storm events. Ammonium concentrations in catchment discharge displayed a sinusoidal seasonal pattern with a maximum
during early spring (March) and a minimum in late summer (August–September). Storm event concentrations of in streamflow were much greater than baseflow values and showed a consistent temporal pattern with an increase in concentrations
on the hydrograph rising limb, a peak at or before the discharge peak, followed by a decline in concentrations. Storm event
patterns of DON were similar to while the patterns of differed from for the summer and fall events. The storm event expression of was attributed to throughfall and throughfall-mediated leaching of the litter layer. The reactive behavior of precluded its use in an end member mixing model (EMMA) for predicting streamflow concentrations. While concentrations of
in precipitation and streamflow were high for the spring events, exports of in streamflow were highest for the large and intense storm events. Baseflow concentrations increased with the percent wetland/saturated area in the catchment but the same trend did not hold for storm-event
concentrations. 相似文献
337.
Wigand C McKinney RA Cole ML Thursby GB Cummings J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):71-81
The stable nitrogen isotope ratios of some biota have been used as indicators of sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this
study the relationships of the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of marsh plants, Iva frutescens (L.), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, Ulva lactuca (L.), and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) with wastewater nitrogen and land development in New England are described. Five of the six plant species (all but U. lactuca) showed significant relationships of increasing δ
15N values with increasing wastewater nitrogen. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) downward shift in the δ
15N of S. patens (6.0 ± 0.48‰) which is mycorrhizal compared with S. alterniflora (8.5 ± 0.41‰). The downward shift in δ
15N may be caused by the assimilation of fixed nitrogen in the roots of S. patens. P. australis within sites had wide ranges of δ
15N values, evidently influenced by the type of shoreline development or buffer at the upland border. In residential areas,
the presence of a vegetated buffer (n = 24 locations) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the δ
15N (mean = 7.4 ± 0.43‰) of the P. australis compared to stands where there was no buffer (mean = 10.9 ± 1.0‰; n = 15). Among the plant species, I. frutescens located near the upland border showed the most significant (R
2 = 0.64; P = 0.006) inverse relationship with the percent agricultural land in the watershed. The δ
15N of P. australis and I. frustescens is apparently an indicator of local inputs near the upland border, while the δ
15N of Spartina relates with the integrated, watershed-sea nitrogen inputs. 相似文献
338.
吹脱+A/O工艺处理氮肥企业高氨氮废水的工程实践 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
针对河南某氮肥企业高氨氮废水采用吹脱+A/O工艺处理的成功实践(当进水氨氮浓度在641~868mg/L时,出水始终稳定在1mg/L左右),分析了工程设计与调试中应注意的问题,可供此类污水处理工程设计参考。 相似文献
339.
340.
矿物添加剂对复混肥料的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
添加剂是复混肥料中不可忽视的组分。介绍了几种矿物添加剂在复混肥料中的作用。在测土配方施用复混肥中,添加剂也需要“测土配方”,传统的粘土矿物添加剂对复混肥生产和储存有较好的效果,但对土壤和农作物也有不利的影响。矿物添加剂有利于补充土壤有机质,复混肥料的应用前景广阔,但还需进一步研究和探明既有利于复混肥生产和储存,又有利于土壤和农作物的地质矿物和工艺。 相似文献