保氮增效剂调节氮肥施用量和利用率研究——Ⅰ.保氮增效剂在玉米生产中的应用效果

田间试验和示范表明,在玉米作物生产中施用兼具多元素复合和氮肥加价作用的保氮增效剂,可显著地改善植株性状,促果穗增长增粗,使秃尖率下降、穗粒数和百粒重增加。保氮增效剂用量为玉米施氮肥量的2.92%～4.99%,玉米增产51.5～68.4kg/亩。肥料报酬提高2.2～2.6倍,增收经济效益达34.1～44.7元/亩。     

解决我国钾矿资源对策的新思路

目前我国钾矿资源紧缺，生产的钾肥不足，因而农业严重缺钾。为了改变这种局面，本文从战略的高度提出了对策：理顺和拓宽我国找钾新思路，扩大找钾领域，充分发挥和利用国内外两种资源、两个市场的互为补充举措，投资开发周边邻国钾矿资源和开辟国内液态钾矿-富钾卤水的勘查开发，是解决我国钾矿资源短缺的两个重要的有效途径。     

黑龙江化工总厂废水处理试验研究

黑龙江省化工总厂针对化肥改扩建后的废水水质情况,采用悬浮污泥法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮工艺和生物膜法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮工艺进行废水处理试验,结果表明,生物膜法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮地废水中的总氮具有较好的去除效果,在废水碳氮比偏低的情况下,总氮的去除率可达到８４％左右。     

螺旋波式潜流人工湿地模型对去除生活污水中氮效果的初探

用一种新型螺旋波式潜流人工湿地模型处理生活污水，使污水经过多次反复接触湿地基质，达到对污水中铵态氯、硝态氯、总氯的去除效果：试验通过时湿地土壤、水样中氯含量的测定分析，研究了螺旋波式潜流人工湿地模型主要组成部分截留氯的优势所在．为优化人工湿地模型内部构造及分析除氮机理提供了可靠的依据。     

烟气脱硫副产物的综合利用

通过分析烟气脱硫石膏的性能 ,介绍了脱硫石膏的利用情况和研究进展 ,利用脱硫石膏生产建筑材料 ,如 β石膏和α石膏的工艺日臻成熟 ,利用脱硫石膏生产水泥辅料已进入工业化 ,而利用脱硫石膏生产充填尾砂胶结剂已经完成试验阶段 ,脱硫石膏在农业上也有很广泛的用途。     

利用脱水污泥生产有机复合肥的工艺探讨

利用污水处理厂脱水污泥作为有机原料、添加适量磷酸一铵、氯化钾、尿素、硫酸铵作为无机原料，用造粒机生产颗粒状有机复混肥料是避免污泥产生二次污染实现其无害化、减量化的一条有效的最终污泥处置方法之一。作为一种有机-无机复混肥料它除了具有一般的肥效长，缓、速结合，防止土地酸化，改良土壤等特性外，最突出特点就是保水性能好。本文结合多年来的生产经验，对污泥制肥的生产工艺、工艺次序、存在问题进行了初步探讨。     

Comparison of grassland management systems for beef cattle using self-contained farmlets: effects of contrasting nitrogen inputs and management strategies on nitrogen budgets, and herbage and animal production

Past research on nitrogen (N) inputs, losses and surpluses focused on separate components of grassland management, i.e., grazed or cut swards and the impact of fertiliser or slurry applications. In practice, however, grassland is both grazed and cut for conservation, and N fertiliser is supplied from both organic and inorganic sources. A whole systems approach was used to evaluate the effects of combinations of management strategies designed to reduce N losses on N budgets, and herbage and animal production in South West England. Three systems with contrasting N inputs were compared: CN, conventional mineral N application and broadcast slurry; TN, tactical mineral N application with slurry injection and the early housing of cattle; GC, a mixed grass/white clover sward with no mineral N addition and slurry injection. Comparisons were made on two contrasting soil types: a freely-draining sandy loam (Gleysol, Site 1), and a poorly drained clay (Luvisol, Site 2). 1 ha farmlets were grazed to a target sward height by beef cattle for a 5-year (Site 1) or a 4-year (Site 2) period. Herbage surplus to grazing requirements was cut for silage. On average, 185 kg N ha⁻¹ was applied annually to treatment TN compared with 280 kg N ha⁻¹ for CN. An additional 76, 102 and 67 kg N ha⁻¹ was applied in slurry to treatments CN, TN and GC, respectively. Substantial reductions in N surpluses were achieved for both treatments TN and GC compared with treatment CN (N surpluses ha⁻¹: 254, 168 and 119 kg at Site 1, and 247 kg, 190 and 73 kg at Site 2, for CN, TN and GC, respectively). The highest N input for treatment CN was associated with the greatest animal and herbage production. More land was required for grazing on treatment GC and less herbage was cut for silage so that self-sufficiency was not attained for winter fodder on this treatment. The early removal of cattle on treatment TN did not result in a significant increase in the amount of herbage cut for silage. It was concluded that the combinations of mitigation options used were successful in reducing N surpluses compared with the conventional N management system, but animal and herbage production was reduced.     

大气化学仪器测量进展

从平流层和对流层的大气化学过程入手，分析了研究各个反应所采用的测量手段；从当前大气化学的发展要求提出了理论研究和模式建立中对仪器测量手段的要求。并且从测量坪台这一角度分析了目前在大气化学领域使用的主要测量仪器和手段。     

水环境中的氮污染特征与影响因素

城镇生活污水、含氮的工业废水和农田氮肥是水环境的主要氮污染源。影响水环境中氮污染的主要因素是含氨污水的排放性状、纳志水体的环境容量以及人为与自然条件下氮素的物理、化学的转化作用。     

氮氧化物污染防治技术进展

氮氧化物 (NOx)是主要的大气污染物之一 ,NOx的治理历来受到国内外研究人员的重视。本文扼要介绍了国内外近 1 0几年来 NOx防治技术的研究进展