硅肥对农田镉轻度污染水稻修复效果的研究

为探讨硅肥对农田土壤Cd污染的修复效果,在田间试验条件下,研究了不同硅肥处理对Cd轻度污染农田水稻的修复效果。结果表明:不同硅肥处理可以降低Cd轻度污染农田中水稻糙米Cd含量,降幅为2.02%~16.00%,提高土壤pH值0.36~0.45,降低土壤有效态Cd含量,降幅为34.88%~45.47%,水稻产量增加3.63%~6.23%,基施与叶面喷施联合施用硅肥对农田土壤Cd污染的修复效果最好。     

广西坡豪湖水体水质及营养状态分析

通过2017年1月—2018年7月在坡豪湖布设11个采样点,监测TN、TP等8项水质指标,并运用综合水质标识指数法、综合营养指数法分析该湖的综合水质级别及营养状态.结果表明:坡豪湖综合水质标识指数为2.610,综合水质评价级别为Ⅱ类,总体水质良好.坡豪湖综合营养指数为44.90,为中营养状态,坡豪湖营养状态程度受限于T...     

深圳农业面源污染与近岸水体富营养化关系研究Ⅰ.农业陆源排污分析

主要从深圳市农业对水体的陆源污染包括农田化肥流失和畜禽养殖业排污等污染源出发,通过对农业化肥施用量和施用强度、畜禽养殖业排污变化趋势分析,估算出二者各自污染物排放量,探讨其与深圳近海水体污染变化趋势间的关系。对相关数据分析表明:(1)深圳市农业化肥流失是深圳近海水体富营养化成因之一,其在1994年之后对近海水体污染程度加大;(2)深圳市畜禽养殖业排污是深圳近海水体富营养化主要成因之一,其在1997年之后对近海水体污染程度加大;(3)农业化肥流失和畜禽养殖业排污主要受农业用地面积、农业政策的影响。     

太湖氮磷大气干湿沉降时空特征

为了探索太湖氮磷营养盐干湿沉降特征及对太湖营养盐输入的贡献,于2011年不同季节采集太湖不同位点的大气干湿沉降样品,分析干湿沉降中氮（N）和磷（P）的形态和沉降量。研究结果表明,输入太湖的磷以干沉降为主,而氮以湿沉降为主。在太湖干沉降中总无机氮（TIN）占总氮（TN）的77.1%,溶解性磷（DIP）占总磷（TP）的77.9%。干沉降中TIN主要以NH+4-N为主。西太湖是TN与TP通过大气干湿沉降输入太湖的最高湖区。太湖全年大气TN沉降总量为20 978 t,TP沉降总量为1 268 t,因此,氮磷大气干湿沉降是太湖营养盐输入的重要来源之一。     

Design of an Air-Quality Surveillance System for Buenos Aires City Integrated by a NO x Monitoring Network and Atmospheric Dispersion Models

This paper presents an air-quality surveillance system designed to detect the occurrence of air pollutant concentrations greater than a reference level in an urban area. The system is integrated by an air-quality monitoring network and atmospheric dispersion models simulations. An objective methodology to design an urban air-quality monitoring network is proposed. This methodology is based on the analysis of air-quality modelling results. The procedure is applied to design an air-quality monitoring network to control NO _x concentration levels in Buenos Aires City. Results indicate that six monitors will detect the occurrence of concentration greater than the air-quality guidelines with an efficiency of about 67%. Once a violation is detected, results of atmospheric dispersion models will help in the determination of affected areas. Four possible examples are included to illustrate the assistance that the results of atmospheric dispersion models can bring to a better estimation of possible affected areas in the city. Combining these results with the last census data, an estimation of the inhabitants possibly exposed is obtained.     

The development of loads of cations, anions, Cd and Pb in precipitation and of atmospheric concentrations of N-components, in Switzerland from 1988 to 2003

This study presents the results of the analyses of Cd, Pb, cations and anions present in precipitation and dust at a pre-alpine and a suburban site in Switzerland in the period from 1988 to 2003. The aim of these measurements was to monitor the success of measures taken to diminish pollutant emissions. No change was found for Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ loads – in line with expectations, as no reducing measures had been taken. Statistically significant and largely decreasing values (50–90%) were found for Cl⁻ and Cd (linked to the fitting of filters in incineration plants), Pb (unleaded petrol), (diminishing the use of mineral oil with high S content), and the proton (lower HCl and SO₂ emissions). A smaller decrease (up to 30%) or none was registered for oxidised nitrogen components (fitting cars with catalytic converters, but an increase in numbers of cars and trucks). No significant change was found for NH₃ as farming techniques had undergone no major changes. The long-term measurements show that the measures taken to reduce emissions were successful. A shorter monitoring period would have been misleading owing to data variability and temporary incidents e.g. amount of precipitation.     

污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中胞外聚合物的结构变化

为揭示污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)特征与蚯蚓堆肥产物腐熟的关系,以无蚯蚓为对照组,探究蚯蚓堆肥对污泥EPS结构变化的影响.结果表明,蚯蚓堆肥显著加快了蚯蚓堆肥产物有机质的矿化速率,其电导率和硝酸盐氮含量比对照组产物分别显著提升了0.64和0.22倍(P<0.05).蚯蚓堆肥产物EPS层中的蛋白质和多糖的总含量比对照组产物分别降低了32.77%和31.54%.三维荧光结果表明,蚯蚓堆肥过程中蛋白质的荧光强度下降速率比对照组更高,其腐殖质在堆肥后期一直处于较高水平.污泥蚯蚓堆肥产物的紧密结合层(TB-EPS)和松散结合层(LB-EPS)中的色氨酸含量比对照组分别减少7.69%和13.62%,而LB-EPS和粘液层(SEPS)中腐殖酸含量比对照组分别增加了25.1%和7.82%.蚯蚓堆肥期间的硝酸盐氮含量和电导率均同SEPS、LB-EPS结构中的DOC、蛋白质和多糖含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其总DOC含量与EPS各层中的DOC及多糖含量呈显著相关性(P<0.05).实验过程中对照组仅有机质和DOC含量同EPS各层多糖含量呈显著相关(P<0.05).研究表明,蚯蚓堆...     

缓释肥料对烤烟旺长期解磷细菌的影响

研究了缓释肥料对烤烟旺长期解磷细菌的数量以及磷细菌的溶磷能力的影响．结果表明,施用缓释肥料提高土壤中解磷细菌的数量和磷细菌的溶磷能力．施用缓释肥料和普通肥料的土壤中磷细菌总量为分别为7．6×10^6个／g干土和2．3×10^5个／g干土,且磷细菌的总量都高于不施肥的处理．图2,表4,参11．     

剩余活性污泥制复合肥

石油化工污水处理过程中产生的剩余活性污泥处理是环保工作中的一大难题 ,通过对污泥成分、肥效的分析及对活性污泥制肥的工艺简介 ,阐明了剩余活性污泥制复合肥技术的可行性和广阔前景     

Assessing the impact of Cross Compliance measures on nitrogen fluxes from European farmlands with DNDC-EUROPE

We investigated the effects of the agricultural Cross Compliance measures for European cultivated lands, focusing on nitrogen (N) fluxes from corn fields. Four scenarios have been designed according to some conservation farming practices, namely no-till, max manure, catch crop and N splitting. Results indicated that (1) in the no-till scenario the N₂O fluxes are decreased during the first simulated years, with a return to default fluxes in following years; no-till particularly decreased N₂O emission in the dryer and colder simulation spatial units (HSMUs); (2) the no-till and the N splitting scenarios slightly increased the N surplus because of a decrease in plant uptake; (3) introducing a rotation with alfalfa decreased the N leaching in the corn crops following the catch crops; and (4) the application of fertilizer and manure during the cold and wet seasons led to an increase of N leaching.