The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on long-term stability of partial nitrification process

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is regarded as one of the crucial factors to influence partial nitrification process. However, achieving and keeping stable partial nitrification under different DO concentrations were widely reported. The mechanism of DO concentration influencing partial nitrification is still unclear. Therefore, in this study two same sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) cultivated same seeding sludge were built up with real-time control strategy. Different DO concentrations were controlled in SBRs to explore the effect of DO concentration on the long-term stability of partial nitrification process at room temperature. It was discovered that ammonium oxidation rate (AOR) was inhibited when DO concentration decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 mg/L. The abundance of Nitrospira increased from 10^11.5 to 10^13.7 copies/g DNA, and its relative percentage increased from 0.056% to 3.2% during 190 operational cycles, causing partial nitrification gradually turning into complete nitrification process. However, when DO was 2.5 mg/L the abundance of Nitrospira was stable and AOB was always kept at 10^10.7 copies/g DNA. High AOR was maintained, and stable partial nitrification process was kept. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity was significantly higher than nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity at DO of 2.5 mg/L, which was crucial to maintain excellent nitrite accumulation performance.     

高氨氮浓度下改良型倒置A~2/O工艺的脱氮性能研究

针对高氨氮生活污水,设计了一种新型的脱氮除磷工艺。该工艺是对传统倒置A~2/O工艺的改进,它采用了后置预缺氧区以提高系统的脱氮效果。试验探讨了工艺关键因素与脱氮效果的相关性。试验表明水力停留时间为25 h,内回流比为200%,DO浓度在2 mg/L时,对NH_3-N、TN、TP的去除率分别可达96.17%、73.83%和92.38%。     

Dissolved nitrous oxide and emission relating to denitrification across the Poyang Lake aquatic continuum

Most aquatic ecosystems contribute elevated N_2 O to atmosphere due to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen loading. To further understand the spatial heterogeneity along an aquatic continuum from the upriver to wetland to lake to downriver, the study was conducted on spatial variations in N_2 O emission along Poyang Lake aquatic continuum during the flood season from 15 July 2013 to 10 August 2013. The results showed the N_2 O concentrations, the ratio of N_2O/dinitrogen(N_2) gases production, N_2 O emission and denitrification rates ranged from 0.10 to 1.11 μg N/L,- 0.007% to 0.051%,- 9.73 to 127 μg N/m2/hr and 1.33 × 104to31.9 × 104μg N_2/m2/hr, respectively, across the continuum. The average N_2 O concentrations,the ratio of N_2O/N_2 and N_2O emission was significantly lower in wetlands as compared to the rivers and lake(p 0.01). The significantly high denitrification rate and low N_2 O emission together highlighted that most N_2 O can be converted into N_2 via near complete denitrification in the Poyang Lake wetlands. Our study suggests that the wetlands might impact N_2 O budget in an integrated aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, N_2 O emission from different aquatic ecosystem should be considered separately when quantifying the regional budget in aquatic ecosystem.     

污泥龄对A/A/O工艺反硝化除磷的影响

以实际生活污水培养驯化污泥的小试规模A/A/O工艺为研究对象,进行了污泥龄（SRT）为8、10、12和15 d时对反硝化除磷的影响研究.结果表明,随着污泥龄的延长,反硝化除磷对系统除磷所起的作用越大,反硝化聚磷菌缺氧利用单位PHAs的反硝化数量和吸磷量也迅速增加,聚磷菌好氧利用单位PHAs的吸磷量并没有受到影响,以SRT为12 d时反硝化除磷和系统脱氮除磷效果为最好.结果还表明,去除单位氮所需COD数量随污泥龄的延长呈减少趋势,而去除单位磷所需COD数量呈增大趋势.对于我国典型的城市污水而言,SRT为12 d和15 d时去除单位氮和磷所需的外碳源数量较8 d时要低,从而使反硝化除磷作用可真正地达到节省碳源和能源的目的.     

Nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential, transformation pattern and algal utilization strategies jointly drove cyanobacterial growth and their succession

In order to better understand the contribution of nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential and transformation pattern to cyanobacterial growth and succession, 7 sampling sites in Lake Chaohu with different bloom degree were studied every two months from February to November 2018. The carbon, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forms or fractions in surface, interstitial water and sediments as well as extracellular enzymatic activities, P sorption, specific microbial abundance and community composition in sediments were analyzed. P regeneration pathway was dominated by iron-bound P desorption and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solubilization in severe-bloom and slight-bloom area respectively, which both resulted in high soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) accumulation in interstitial water. However, in severe-bloom area, higher P release potential caused the strong P release and algal growth, compared to slight-bloom area. In spring, P limitation and N selective assimilation of Dolichospermum facilitated nitrate accumulation in surface water, which provided enough N source for the initiation of Microcystis bloom. In summer, the accumulated organic N in Dolichospermum cells during its bloom was re-mineralized as ammonium to replenish N source for the sustainable development of Microcystis bloom. Furthermore, SRP continuous release led to the replacement of Dolichospermum by Microcystis with the advantage of P quick utilization, transport and storage. Taken together, the succession from Dolichospermum to Microcystis was due to both the different forms of N and P in water column mediated by different regeneration and transformation pathways as well as release potential, and algal N and P utilization strategies.     

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a combined A2/O-BAF system with a short aerobic SRT

A bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process-biological aerated filter （A^2/O-BAF） combined system was carded out to treat wastewater with lower C/N and C/P ratios. The A^2/O process was operated in a short aerobic sludge retention time （SRT） for organic pollutants and phosphorus removal, and denitrification. The subsequent BAF process was mainly used for nitrification. The BAF effluent was partially returned to anoxic zone of the A^2/O process to provide electron acceptors for denitrification and anoxic P uptake. This unique system formed an environment for reproducing the denitdfying phosphate-accumulating organisms （DPAOs）. The ratio of DPAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） could be maintained at 28% by optimizing the organic loads in the anaerobic zone and the nitrate loads into the anoxic zone in the A^2/O process. The aerobic phosphorus over-uptake and discharge of excess activated sludge was the main mechanism of phosphorus removal in the combined system. The aerobic SRT of the A^2/O process should meet the demands for the development of aerobic PAOs and the restraint on the nitrifiers growth, and the contact time in the aerobic zone of the A^2/O process should be longer than 30 min, which ensured efficient phosphorus removal in the combined system. The adequate BAF effluent return rates should be controlled with 1--4 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic zone effluent of A^2/O process to achieve the optimal nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.     

氮氧化物的污染与治理方法

氮氧化物是大气的主要污染物之一,是治理大气污染的一大难题。本文介绍了氮氧化物的来源以及治理氮氧化物的主要方法,分析了这些方法处理氮氧化物的优点或缺点,并预测未来处理氮氧化物方法的发展趋势。     

水力停留时间对活性污泥系统的硝化性能及其生物结构的影响

利用微生物呼吸醌指纹谱图结合传统分析方法研究了水力停留时间(HRT从30 h逐步缩短至5 h)对活性污泥硝化性能及种群结构的影响.结果表明,对于NH₄⁺-N浓度为500 mg·L^-1的废水,在HRT≥20 h时,氨氮去除率可达98%以上.若继续缩短HRT,污泥流失严重,尽管进水NH₄⁺-N浓度降低,出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂     

秸秆还田、地膜覆盖及施氮对冬小麦田N2O和N2排放的影响

为探究不同耕作方式及施氮水平下黄土高原地区旱地冬小麦田N₂O排放规律,运用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了冬小麦田N₂O排放动态.以冬小麦‘小偃22’为材料,采取双因素裂区试验设计,主区为3种耕作模式：常规耕作（CT）、秸秆还田（SM）和平膜覆盖（FM）;副区为3种氮水平处理：不施氮、减氮20%(144 kg·hm^-2)和常规施氮(180 kg·hm^-2).以常规耕作（CT）为对照,探讨不同施氮水平下FM和SM对土壤N₂O排放产生的影响,同时分析环境因子与N₂O排放通量的相关性,并根据经验公式估算N₂排放量.结果表明,各施氮处理的土壤N₂O的排放主要集中在施肥后20 d内,且N₂O排放通量峰值出现在施肥后两周之内.冬小麦田的平均N₂O通量为1.92～22.75μg·（m²·h）^-1,累积排放量为0.10～0.46 kg·hm^...     

溪流营养盐滞留的水文与非水文过程分析方法

为评估溪流营养盐滞留中水文与非水文过程的影响及其贡献水平,首先定义了水文与非水文过程营养螺旋指标,并在将水文过程营养盐吸收长度S_w＿hyd、非水文过程营养盐吸收长度S_w＿nonhyd和溪流营养盐吸收长度S_w＿tot三者之间假设为“并联电路总电阻和各支路电阻”关系模式的基础上,提出了测算S_w＿nonhyd的技术方法;基于不同水文与非水文过程作用情景的OTIS（One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage）模型模拟,构建了计算溪流水文与非水文过程营养盐滞留贡献率及估算溪流主流区和暂态存储区非水文过程营养盐滞留量的模型与方法,并将上述方法应用于溪流丁坝群NH₄⁺-N、PO₄^3--P滞留调控实验的案例中.结果表明：水文与非水文过程营养螺旋指标能够较好地反映溪流营养盐滞留潜力;与对照组相比,丁坝群结构显著降低了水文过程NH₄⁺...