为评估溪流营养盐滞留中水文与非水文过程的影响及其贡献水平,首先定义了水文与非水文过程营养螺旋指标,并在将水文过程营养盐吸收长度Sw＿hyd、非水文过程营养盐吸收长度Sw＿nonhyd和溪流营养盐吸收长度Sw＿tot三者之间假设为“并联电路总电阻和各支路电阻”关系模式的基础上,提出了测算Sw＿nonhyd的技术方法;基于不同水文与非水文过程作用情景的OTIS（One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage）模型模拟,构建了计算溪流水文与非水文过程营养盐滞留贡献率及估算溪流主流区和暂态存储区非水文过程营养盐滞留量的模型与方法,并将上述方法应用于溪流丁坝群NH4+-N、PO43--P滞留调控实验的案例中.结果表明：水文与非水文过程营养螺旋指标能够较好地反映溪流营养盐滞留潜力;与对照组相比,丁坝群结构显著降低了水文过程NH4+... 相似文献
A comprehensive synthesis of data from empirically based published studies and a widely used stormwater best management practice (BMP) database were used to assess the variability in nitrogen (N) removal performance of urban stormwater ponds, wetlands, and swales and to identify factors that may explain this variability. While the data suggest that BMPs were generally effective on average, removal efficiencies of ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and total nitrogen (TN) were highly variable ranging from negative (i.e., BMPs acting as sources of N) to 100%. For example, removal of NO3 varied from (median ±1 SD) ?15 ± 49% for dry ponds, 32 ± 120% for wet ponds, 58 ± 210% for wetlands, and 37 ± 29% for swales. Across the same BMP types, TN removal was 27 ± 24%, 40 ± 31%, 61 ± 30%, and 50 ± 29%. NH4 removal was 9 ± 36%, 29 ± 72%, 31 ± 24%, and 45 ± 34%. BMP size, age, and location explained some of the variability. For example, small and shallow ponds and wetlands were more effective than larger, deeper ones in removing N. Despite well‐known intra‐annual variation in N fluxes, most measurements have been made over short time periods using concentrations, not flow‐weighted N fluxes. Urban N export is increasing in some areas as large storms become more frequent. Thus, accounting for the full range of BMP performance under such conditions is crucial. A select number of long‐term flux‐based BMP studies that rigorously measure rainfall, hydrology, and site conditions could improve BMP implementation. 相似文献
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released from the sediment to the surface water is a major source of water quality impairment. Therefore, inhibiting sediment nutrient release seems necessary. In this study, red soil (RS) was employed to control the nutrients released from a black-odorous river sediment under flow conditions. The N and P that were released were effectively controlled by RS capping. Continuous-flow incubations showed that the reduction efficiencies of total N (TN), ammonium (NH4+-N), total P (TP) and soluble reactive P (SRP) of the overlying water by RS capping were 77%, 63%, 77% and 92%, respectively, and nitrification and denitrification occurred concurrently in the RS system. An increase in the water velocity coincided with a decrease in the nutrient release rate as a result of intensive water aeration.
