中国北方山区水库与引黄水库富营养化特征

于2012年10月—2013年8月对中国北方地区2种典型水库:山区水库(卧虎山、锦绣川)和引黄水库(鹊山、玉清)进行了采样调查,对其水质特征和富营养化现状进行分析研究。结果表明:2类水库水质的最大差异在于山区水库的氮含量显著高于引黄水库,这主要与水源、氮素来源和水库的进水方式有关。山区水库中SD与藻类生物量、TP关系密切;而引黄水库中,影响SD的环境因素较复杂,除藻类生物量和氮、磷外,碱度和水温也与SD密切相关。全年水平上,卧虎山水库营养状态指数显著高于其他水库,属中-富营养水体,锦绣川水库、鹊山水库和玉清水库均属中营养水平。时间上,同类型水库的营养状态指数季节变化基本一致。参与营养状态计算的4个因子中,Chla和TN对营养状态指数的贡献最大,表明这两者是引起2类水库营养状态加重的重要原因。典型的水源及进水方式、流域人类活动类型和强度是影响山区水库和引黄水库营养状态的主要外部因素。     

Bamboo charcoal addition enhanced the nitrogen removal of anammox granular sludge with COD: Performance, physicochemical characteristics and microbial community

The effects of different chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentrations on the anammox granular sludge with Bamboo Charcoal(BC) addition were evaluated in UASB reactor. The results showed that the average total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency was reduced from85.9% to 81.4% when COD concentration was increased from 50 to 150 mg/L. However, the TN removal efficiency of BC addition reactors was dramatically 3.1%–6.4% higher than that without BC under different COD concentrations. The average diameter o...     

高浓度氨氮废水处理技术及其发展趋势

介绍了高浓度氨氮废水的主要来源及其危害性,对国内外主要的高浓度氨氮废水处理工艺进行了分析和对比,并阐述了其发展趋势,为处理高浓度氨氮废水工艺技术的选择提供了参考。     

Cost-Effective Control of Interdependent Water Pollutants

Excess nutrient loads to coastal waters lead to increased production of algae, which when decaying cause oxygen depletion in bottom sediments, which in turn leads to major changes in marine ecosystems. A cost-minimization model was investigated in which nitrogen and phosphorus were assumed to interact with respect to algae production. It was investigated under what conditions only a single nutrient should be decreased and when it is cost-effective to decrease both nutrients. The model was applied to the Baltic Proper, which is the largest of the seven major basins in the Baltic Sea. Results showed that the stringency of the environmental target, as well as assumptions regarding substitutability between nutrients, are important factors to determine the nutrient on which to focus. Uniform decrease rates for emissions are often used in international agreements, and the results of this model showed that the costs of making such proportional decreases could be substantial.     

不同水生植物富集氮磷能力的试验研究

研究了伊乐藻、菹草、微齿眼子菜、竹叶眼子菜、石菖蒲和水芹菜等水生植物在不同营养状态下体内富集N、P的能力。结果表明:植物体内氮磷浓度增加的趋势与所在水体中的氮磷去除效果相一致;挺水植物水芹菜和沉水植物微齿眼子菜吸收N、P的能力较强,可将这两种植物构成双层次群落结构用以修复太湖地区的富营养化水体。     

Assessing the Effects of Nutrient Management in an Estuary Experiencing Climatic Change: The Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

Eutrophication is a serious water quality problem in estuaries receiving increasing anthropogenic nutrient loads. Managers undertaking nutrient-reduction strategies aimed at controlling estuarine eutrophication are faced with the challenge that upstream freshwater segments often are phosphorus (P)-limited, whereas more saline downstream segments are nitrogen (N)-limited. Management also must consider climatic (hydrologic) variability, which affects nutrient delivery and processing. The interactive effects of selective nutrient input reductions and climatic perturbations were examined in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), North Carolina, a shallow estuary with more than a 30-year history of accelerated nutrient loading and water quality decline. The NRE also has experienced a recent increase in Atlantic hurricanes and record flooding, which has affected hydrology and nutrient loadings. The authors examined the water quality consequences of selective nutrient (P but not N) reductions in the 1980s, followed by N reductions in the 1990s and an increase in hurricane frequency since the mid-1990s. Selective P reductions decreased upstream phytoplankton blooms, but increased downstream phytoplankton biomass. Storms modified these trends. In particular, upstream annual N and P concentrations have decreased during the elevated hurricane period. Increased flushing and scouring from storms and flooding appear to have enhanced nutrient retention capabilities of the NRE watershed. From a management perspective, one cannot rely on largely unpredictable changes in storm frequency and intensity to negate anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. To control eutrophication along the hydrologically variable freshwater–marine continuum, N and P reductions should be applied adaptively to reflect point-source–dominated drought and non–point-source–dominated flood conditions.     

工业贮池防腐材料及其施工性能

总结了常用的工业贮池防腐蚀处理方法、防腐蚀材料的性能及施工过程和要点,比较了玻璃钢衬里、玻璃鳞片与乙烯基酯树脂混合衬里和耐酸块材砌筑等防腐蚀处理工艺的工艺条件,并介绍了玻璃钢衬里工艺中所用树脂的类型及性能.     

Interactive effects of nitrogen deposition and fire on plant and soil chemistry in an alpine heathland

The response of alpine heathland vegetation and soil chemistry to N additions of 0, 10, 20 and 50 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in combination with simulated accidental fire (+/−) was monitored over a 5-year period. N addition caused rapid and significant increases in plant tissue N content and N:P and N:K of Calluna vulgaris, suggesting increasing phosphorus and potassium limitation of growth. Soil C:N declined significantly with N addition, indicating N saturation and increasing likelihood of N leakage. Fire further decreased soil C:N and reduced potential for sequestration of additional N. This study shows that alpine heathlands, which occupy the headwaters of many rivers, have limited potential to retain deposited N and may rapidly become N saturated, leaking N into downstream communities and surface waters.     

Regional trends in soil acidification and exchangeable metal concentrations in relation to acid deposition rates

The deposition of high levels of reactive nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S), or the legacy of that deposition, remain among the world's most important environmental problems. Although regional impacts of acid deposition in aquatic ecosystems have been well documented, quantitative evidence of wide-scale impacts on terrestrial ecosystems is not common. In this study we analysed surface and subsoil chemistry of 68 acid grassland sites across the UK along a gradient of acid deposition, and statistically related the concentrations of exchangeable soil metals (1 M KCl extraction) to a range of potential drivers. The deposition of N, S or acid deposition was the primary correlate for 8 of 13 exchangeable metals measured in the topsoil and 5 of 14 exchangeable metals in the subsoil. In particular, exchangeable aluminium and lead both show increased levels above a soil pH threshold of about 4.5, strongly related to the deposition flux of acid compounds.